Reviews — Cumberland and Westmorland Association. 329 



intermediate between Palceoreas and Tragelaphus, is referred to the 

 latter genus, although classed by M. P. Thomas with the former ; 

 the occurrence of these Antelopes allied to those of modern Africa 

 at such a recent epoch is of much interest. Sus arvernensis is con- 

 sidered indistinguishable from S. provincialis, and closely allied to 

 the existing African S. (P.) africanus. The Hipparion is identified 

 with H. crassum, Gerv., and regarded as distinct from H. gracile ; 

 and it is suggested that the Montpellier form may also be the same. 

 The Rhinoceros is referred to B. megarhinus (leptorhinns) , but (apart 

 from the evidence of the imperfect cranium) it appears to us almost 

 certain that the dentition represented on pi. i. belongs rather to B. 

 etruscus — the teeth being apparently brachydont, the upper pre- 

 molars showing the strong horizontal cingulum and the third costa 

 characteristic of that species, and the lower molar also exhibiting the 

 distinctive cingulum at both extremities. Among other interesting 

 forms we may mention Testudo Perpiniana, which is as large as T. 

 ehphantina, and a spine indicating the occurrence of a Siluroid which 

 it is suggested may be allied to Clarias. 



Almost the only point with which we can find fault is the reten- 

 tion of names like Machmrodus Sainzelli and Jlf. plioccenus, which, if 

 not mere synonyms, are from the want of figures of no possible 

 value. The work, with other memoirs by the same author, will be 

 indispensable to all future students of the Fossil Mammalia of 

 France. E. Lydekker. 



III. — Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Asso- 

 ciation for the Advancement of Literature and Science. 

 No. X. 1884-85. 



FOUR papers of geological interest are contained in this volume. 

 Mr. W. G. Collingwood discourses " On Lake-basins of the 

 neighbourhood of Windermere," observing that those which do not 

 lie in anticlinal or synclinal breaks coincide with faults. He has 

 failed to find any evidence of ice-erosion in the minor lake-basins, 

 although ice may have helped to free them from detritus. Mr. J. 

 Postlethwaite contributes a paper on " Trilobites of the Skiddaw 

 Slates," which is illustrated by four plates. The paper simply deals 

 with the general characters of the specimens and with their localities, 

 but few names being given. Great interest however attaches to 

 them as many of the forms are new. These have been named by 

 the author and Mr. J. G. Goodchild in a paper lately read before the 

 Geologists' Association. Mr. H. W. Schneider communicates an 

 article " On the Haematite Iron Mines of Low Furness," from which 

 the total production of pig-iron amounts annually to about 550,000 

 tons ; and Mr. J. D. Kendall replies to a previous paper by Mr. T. 

 V. Holmes " On the Best Locality for Coal beneath the Permian 

 Eocks of North-west Cumberland." 



We took occasion when noticing' a former Part of these "Trans- 

 actions " to observe that the plan of the Cumberland Association 

 might well be adopted in other counties, where more than one Natural 

 History Society exists. A very proper rule is to print only those 



