380 Reports and Proceedings — Geological Society of London. 



Further to the eastward the Jurassic and Cretaceous coal contains 

 a large percentage of hygroscopic water and volatile combustible 

 matter, and has the mineral composition of lignite. The average 

 composition is : — 



Fixed carbon 



Volatile combustible matter.. 



Hygroscopic water 



Ash 



42 per cent. 

 34 „ 

 16 „ 

 8 ,, 

 —100 



As the mountains are approached, the amount of hygroscopic water 

 is found to diminish by about one per cent, for every ten miles, and 

 fifteen miles from the range the percentage is about five. In the 

 foot-hills the lignites pass into a true coal, with 1-63 to 6-12 per cent, 

 of hygroscopic water, and 50 to 63 per cent, of fixed carbon. In the 

 Cascade-river Coal-field the average character of the coal is that of 

 a semianthracite, with the following composition : — 



Fixed carbon 



Volatile combustible matter 



Hygroscopic water 



Ash 



80-93 per cent. 

 10-79 „ 

 •71 „ 



7-57 „ 



100-00 

 The coal-seams have been subjected to great pressure, and the 

 change in the quality of the coal appears to be due to metamorphic 

 influence. 



9. " On a new Emydine Chelonian from the Pliocene of India." 

 By E. Lydekker, Esq., B.A., F.G.S. 



The author described the shell of an Emydine Tortoise from the 

 Siwaliks of Perim Island, Gulf of Cambay, which he regarded as 

 decidedly distinct from any of the previously-described Siwalik 

 species, and proposed to refer to the genus Clemmys, with the name 

 of G. Watsoni, in compliment to the donor of the specimen. 



10. " On certain Eocene Formations of Western Servia." By Dr. 

 A. B. Griffiths, F.E.S.E., F.C.S. Communicated by the President. 



A great thickness of paper-shales containing paraffin occurs near 

 the river Golabara; these extend over 30 square miles of country. 

 Small beds of clay with rock-salt are also found : the whole is said 

 to resemble the paraffin and salt districts of Galicia. The paraffin 

 sbale is free from bituminous impurities. It contains : — 



Paraffin wax 



"Water of combination 



Ammonia 



The mineral constituents of the shale are : — 



Alumina 



Iron oxide 



Magnesia 



Lime 



Potash 



Soda 



Silica 



Loss 



100-00 



1 "75 per cent. 



3-02 



,, 



1-18 



>) 



32-86 



per cent 



5-20 



?j 



1-26 



?? 



1-21 



> » 



2-17 



>j 



0-41 



> j 



56-85 



M 



0-04 



)» 



