470 



Reviews, — Prof. Edward D. Cope — 



Vertebrata; and is characteristic of the other existing orders of 

 hoofed Mammals, while in the Proboscidea and Hyracoidea the 

 elements of the two rows of carpal bones have an opposite and 

 longitudinal mode of arrangement. In Amblypoda the plan of con- 

 struction of the fore foot is about equally related to Proboscidea, 

 Perissodactyla, and Artiodactyla. The brain shows affinities with 

 Cheiroptera, Insectivora, and Edentata. In this relation, the forms 

 of the teeth in some Insectivora show interesting resemblances to the 

 fossil genera Coryphodon and Bathyopsis ; while the small smooth 

 cerebral hemispheres and relatively large size of the optic and 

 olfactory lobes in Amblypoda make a nearer approximation to the 

 Creodonta than to any existing group of Mammals. On the whole, 

 the Amblypoda are to be classed as the most generalized order of 

 hoofed Mammalia. They preceded the other groups in time, and 

 may therefore hold an ancestral relation to them. The order is 

 divided into two suborders ; first, the Pantodonta, which has superior 

 incisor teeth and a third trochanter to the femur; secondly, the 

 Dinocerata in which both these characters are absent. Both groups 

 have short cervical vertebrae without ball and socket-joints, inter- 

 mediate in character between those of Proboscidea and other Un- 

 gulates, — characters with are repeated in the scapula, ilium and 

 many details of the skeleton. 



Skull of Coryphodon elephantopus, f- natural size, seen from below. 



The Pantodonta in America comprises five genera, Baihnodon, 

 Ectacodon, Manteodon, Coryphodon, and Metalophodon, and are 

 limited at present to the Wasatch beds in the Eocky Mountain 

 region. Metalojplwdon may possibly be identical with Bathmodon, 

 since its feet are at present unknown. In the Pantodonta the 

 symphysis of the mandible is furnished with teeth. The upper 

 surface of the astragalus is flat or concave in the middle, and turned 

 inward ; it has a large vertical fibular facet, — characters which are 

 shared with the Dinocerata. The coracoid process of the scapula is 



