Br. S. Hicks — The Ffynnon Beuno and Cae Gwyn Caves. 569 



tolerably stiff boulder clay, containing many ice-scratched boulders 

 and narrow bands and pockets of sand, was found. Below this 

 there were about seven feet of gravel and sand, with here and there 

 bands of red clay, having also many ice-scratched boulders. The 

 next deposit met with was a laminated brown clay, and under this 

 was found the bone-earth, a brown, sandy clay with small pebbles 

 and with angular fragments of limestone, stalagmite, and stalactites. 



^Soil, 1ft. 6in. 



Brown clav withboulders, 



2 ft. 9 in. 

 Yellow loamy clay, 7 in. 

 Gritty boulder clay, 9 in. 



Stiff reddish clay with 



boulders, 2 ft. 3 in. 

 Sand, 2 in. 

 Purple clay, 10 in. 



Sand with boulders, 1 ft. 

 7 in. 



Gravelly sand with boul- 

 ders and bands of pur- 

 ple clay, 2 ft. 2 in. 



Sandy gravel, 2 ft. 



Fine banded sand, 1 ft. 

 5 in. 



Red laminated clay and 

 bone-earth, with angu- 

 lar fragments of lime- 

 stone and a few boul- 

 ders. Contained also a 

 flint flake, from 2 to 5 ft. 



A Position of the flint flake. 





A. Carboniferous Limestone. 



Fig. 1. Section at New Entrance to Cae Gwyn Cave. 

 On June 28, in the presence of Mr. G. H. Morton, F.G.S., of Liver- 

 pool, and the writer, a small but well-worked flint flake was dug up 

 from the bone-earth on the south side of the entrance. Its position 

 was about eighteen inches below the lowest bed of sand. Several 

 teeth of Hyaena and Eeindeer, as well as fragments of bone, were 

 also found at the same place, and at other points in the shaft teeth 

 of Ehinoceros and a fragment of a Mammoth's tooth. One Khinoceros 

 tooth was found at the extreme point examined, about six feet beyond 

 and directly in front of the entrance. It seems clear that the con- 

 tents of the cavern must have been washed out by marine action 

 during the great submergence in mid-Glacial time, and that they 

 were afterwards covered by marine sands and by an upper-boulder 

 clay, identical in character with that found at many points in the 

 Vale of Clwyd and in other places on the North Wales coast. Figs. 

 2 and 3 explain the order of the deposits as found within the cavern. 



