58 



J. W. Judd — On Volcanos. 



vents, which, have given rise to eruptions differing very greatly in 

 violence and duration. 



On a continuation of the same line, we find in Vulcan ello, now 

 joined to Vulcano by a bank of cinders, three other well-marked 

 craters. The features presented by Yulcanello are illustrated in the 

 accompanying sketch (Fig. 6). Of these craters the newest is 



% 



Fig. 6. — Vulcanello 'with its three craters as seen from the south end of the Island of Liparr 

 a. Most modern crater, b. Central, largest, and oldest crater, c. Portion of third crater. 

 d. Section of cone in sea-cliff, e. Lava-stream. 



clearly that which occupies the most southern position, and which 

 was in all probability due to an eruption during the historical period. 

 The most northern of the three craters of Vulcanello has had one- 

 half of its periphery removed by the encroachments of the sea, and 

 here we actually find a clear section of one of these small volcanic 

 cones, as represented in Fig. 7. The central crater of Vulcanello is 

 the largest, most ruined, and probably the oldest of the three. 



Fig. 7.— Section of cone of Vulcanello in sea-cliff (d in Fig. 6). a. Crater, b, b. Lava- 

 streams, c. Dykes -which have clearly formed the ducts through which lava has risen to the 

 crater, d, d. Stratified volcanic tuffs and agglomerates, exhibiting the characteristic arrange- 

 ment of the interior of volcanic cones, e. Portions of cliff concealed by taluses of fallen frag- 

 ments 



