538 H. B. Brady — Fossil Foramhuj "era of Sumatra. 



smallest .1 in- (5 mm.) long, by £ in. (4 mm.) broad ; but many of 

 the smaller ones are manifestly incomplete, being in reality tbe 

 central portions of lai'ger specimens, of which the outer whorls have 

 been broken away, the fracture following the course of the spiral 

 lamina. The largest number of convolutions traced in any one 

 transverse section is eleven. In their lateral aspect all the larger 

 examples are broadly elliptical, the conjugate diameter being about 

 one-tenth longer than the transverse. The depressions marking the 

 longitudinal septa are pretty evenly distanced, but the individual 

 boundary-lines are somewhat irregular in their course. The colour 

 of some of the specimens is nearly White, of others dark-grey. 



Perhaps the most nearly allied variety of Fusulina to that under 

 notice is the F. splicerica of Dr. Herrman Abich, 1 found in the 

 Mountain-limestone of Armenia and Azerbeidjan. I am indebted 

 to Dr. Abich for examples of this interesting form, which is correctly 

 represented in his published drawing as an oblate or somewhat drum- 

 shaped organism, not prolate or elliptical like the Sumatran specimens. 



On the other hand, we have a near connexion of F. princeps in 

 Fusulina robusta, described by Dr. Meek 2 from Californian speci- 

 mens ; but the pointed ends of the latter seem to indicate a much 

 closer relationship to the type F. cylindrica, with which it is also 

 associated in distribution. 



In speaking of Fusulina as an essentially Carboniferous genus, the 

 stratigraphical term must be taken to include those Upper Carboni- 

 ferous beds termed " Permian " by American geologists ; indeed, the 

 very largest recorded examples of the type are those described by 

 Shumard 3 under the name F. elongata, some of which are stated to 

 be two inches (5 centim.) in length. They were found in the 

 Permian Limestones of New Mexico and Texas. 



Locality — Carboniferous Limestone, Padang Highlands, West 

 Coast of Sumatra. 



EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 

 Plate XIII. 

 Fig. 1. — Operculina granulosa, Leymerie. All the figures magnified 8 diameters. 

 a. Lateral aspect. b. Periphero-lateral aspect, c. Interior, as shown 

 hy a split specimen. 

 Figs. 2 and 3. — Nummulina variolaria (Sowerby). All the figs. mag. 10 diam. 

 a. a. Lateral aspect. b. b. Periphero-lateral aspect, c. c. Interior, as 

 shown by split specimens. 

 Fig. 4.— Nummulina liamondi, Defrance. Both figures magnified 10 diameters. 



a. Lateral aspect, b. Periphero-lateral aspect. 

 Fig. 5. — Nummulina Ramondi, var. Verbcekiana, noY. 



a. Lateral aspect. Magnified 10 diameters. 



b. Horizontal median section, showing septation. Magnified 28 diam. 



c. Horizontal section near the exterior, showing the somewhat sinuate out- 



line of the alar extension of the chambers. Magnified 28 diam. 

 Fig. 6. — Fusulina princcps (Ehrenberg). All the figures magnified 3 diam. 



a. Lateral aspect, b. End aspect, c. Transverse section, showing septation. 



1 Mem. de l'Acacl. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersbourg, 1859, ser. 6, vol. vii. p. 528, pi. 3, 

 figs. 13, a, b, c. 



2 Meek and Gabb, Geol. Survey of California; Palaeontology, vol. i. 1864, 

 p. 3, pi. 2, figs. 3, a, b, c. 3 Trans. Acad. Sci. St.-Louis, 1858, vol. i. p. 297. 



