E. Biillen Newton — On Archanodon Jukesi. 24:7 



As bearing upon the geological age of the fossil, reference may 

 be made to Oswald Heer's ' researches of 1872. This author regarded 

 the Yellow Sandstone beds of Kiltorcan as of Lower Carboniferous 

 age, after a comparison of its flora with that found in the Mountain 

 Limestone of Bear Island. Further allusions to the species were 

 published by Baily ^ in 1875, and another figure (copied from original 

 illustration) was issued, but no new facts were made known. 



Considerable interest was added to the subject by Eichard Howse ^ 

 in 1878, when he announced the discovery of this shell in the sand- 

 stone rocks of North Northumberland associated with Ulodendron 

 ornatissimiim and stems of Catamites. Its horizon he recognized 

 as an upper member of the Tuedian group of the late Mr. George 

 Tate, which he considered closely identical with the lower part of 

 the Calciferous Sandstones of Scotland ; further stating that '•' the 

 supposed Upper Old Eed Beds of Kilkenny will also no doubt be 

 eventually and correctly correlated with these." In this account 

 Mr. Howse established the new generic name of Archanodon for 

 Anodon or Anodonta, as the shell had hitherto been called. 



During the same year (1878) G. H. Kinahan* tabulated the 

 Kiltorcan rocks containing Anodonta JuTcesi, etc., as Lower Car- 

 boniferous, Mr. Howse ^ in 1880, as a correction of a priority 

 dispute, again referred to the Northumberland form of Ai-chanodon 

 Jukesi, and mentioned a more precise locality for it than in his 

 original account, viz., near Chillingham. 



Dealing with the question of horizon. Professor Hull's^ remarks 

 of 1880 on the Kiltorcan rocks may be of interest to quote : " The 

 occurrence of fish remains in the Kiltorcan Beds belonging to 

 recognized Old Red Sandstone forms of Scotland and elsewhere, 

 none of which ascend to the Carboniferous Series of other districts, 

 places the relations of these beds to the Old Red Sandstone beyond 

 question. The occurrence of Anodonta Jukesi, Palaopteris, fish, etc., 

 all point to the fact that licustrine conditions prevailed over this 

 area of Southern Ireland during the deposition of these beds." 



In the succeeding year Professor W. Boyd Dawkins ^ contributed 



1 Oswald Heer, "On the Carboniferous Flora of Bear Island (lat. 74° 30' N.) ; 

 and on Cyclostigma, Lepidodendron, and Knorria from Kiltorcan" : Quart. Journ. 

 Geol. Soc, vol. ixviii (1872), pp. 161-173, pi. iv. 



2 W". H. Baily, " On Fossils from the Upper Old Red Sandstone of Kiltorcan Hill 

 in the County of Kilkenny" : Proc. Royal Irish Academy, ser. ii, vol. ii (1875), 

 pp. 45-48. "Figures of Characteristic British Fossils: Palseozoic," 1875, p. 93, 

 pi. xxxi, fig. 5. 



3 Richard Howse, " Preliminary Notice of the Occurrence of Archanodon [Ano- 

 donta) Jukesi, Forbes, in the Lower Carboniferous Rocks of North Northumberland ": 

 Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumberland, vol. vii (1878), p. 173, pi. xiv. 



* G. H. Kinahan: " Manual of the Geology of Ireland," 1878, p. 78. 



^ Richard Howse, "Note on the Priority of Discovery of Archanodon (Anodon) 

 Jukesi, Forbes, in the Lower Carboniferous Rocks of North Northumberland": 

 Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumberland, vol. vii (1880), pt. 2, p. 376. 



* Edward Hull, " On the Geological Relations of the Rocks of the South of 

 Ireland to those of North Devon and other British and Continental Districts" : 

 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, vol. xxxvi (1880), p. 255. 



' W. B. Dawkins, "On the Range of Anodonta JuJcesi" : Trans. Manchester 

 Geol. Soc, vol. xvi (1881), pt. 11, p. 247, 



