274 Hemews — Geological Survey Memoirs. 



results of his long-continued efforts in investigating the minute 

 characters of Palaeozoic corals. The present memoir is a worthy- 

 addition to the numerous valuable contributions to paleontology 

 which the author has made during his long career. Palaeontologists 

 of all countries will cordially echo the author's thanks to the Eoyal 

 Swedish Academy of Sciences for defraying the expenses of 

 publishing such an important work, and more particularly the 

 English-speaking ones for its appearance in this language. But we 

 have often felt in turning over the pages, what a great pity it was 

 that the proofs had not been revised by some one whose knowledge 

 of the mother tongue would have eliminated those subtle mistakes 

 inevitable to those " not to the manner born." G. J. H. 



II. — The Geology of the Country around Carlisle. By 

 T. V. Holmes, F.G.S. 8vo ; pp. iv, 64. (London : printed 

 for H.M. Stationery Ofiace, 1899. Price Is. 3d.) 



A GOOD many years have elapsed since Mr. Holmes was engaged 

 on the Geological Survey of the country around Carlisle, and 

 there has been a regrettable delay in issuing the present Memoir. 

 This has to some extent arisen (as the Director- General points out) 

 from the difficulty in interpreting the structure and relations of the 

 Permian and Triassic rocks of the district. The country in question 

 is almost wholly covered with Drift, and it was therefore by no 

 means easy to piece together the evidence obtained from a few 

 boreholes and from the cliffs bordering streams and rivers, and 

 to produce a map showing the solid structure of the ground without 

 the mantle of boulder-clay and gravel. The conclusions at which 

 Mr. Holmes arrived were not those to which Mr. Aveline and the 

 late Sir Andrew Eamsay could agree ; and in consequence the 

 * solid ' edition of the map, when published, did not in many- 

 important respects coincide with the views of Mr. Holmes. In 

 the present Memoir he very clearly states the evidence obtained ; 

 and it is interesting to read (in the Director-General's preface) that 

 "In the Carlisle region, as in Devonshire, no definite plane of 

 separation can be satisfactorily traced between the Permian and the 

 Triassic formations." These red rocks include the St. Bees Sand- 

 stone Gypseous Shales, Kirklinton Sandstone, and Stanwix Shales. 

 No traces of Ehsetic beds have been discovered, but there is an 

 interesting outlier of Lower Lias. The various superficial deposits 

 are described, and some account is given of the Solway Moss, and of 

 its bursting in 1771. 



III. — The Geology of the Borders of the Wash: including 

 Boston and Hunstanton. By W. Whitaker, F.E.S., and 

 A. J. Jukes-Browne, F.G.S. 'Svo ; pp. vii, 146. (London : 

 printed for H.M. Stationery OfSce, 1899, Price 3s.) 



THIS Memoir, which is an Explanation of Sheet 69 of the (old 

 series) Geological Survey Map, contains an account of the 

 geology of portions of the Eenland in Lincolnshire and Norfolk, 

 and of the more interesting region of Lower Greensand, Gault, Eed 



