Enrwent Living Geologids — H. E. Howell. 435 



rod^s, the Hartsliill qnartzite having at the time been regarded as 

 Millstone Grit. This view was not arrived at without considerable 

 discussion. The rock had originally been compared with that of 

 the Bromsgrove Licke}', and both the late Professor Jukes and 

 Mr. Howell were in favour of retaining the beds in the then very 

 comprehensive "Silurian series,"^ but Sir A. Earasay (at that time 

 Local Director) was of opinion that the quartzite and overlying 

 shales should be included with the Carboniferous. The subsequent 

 researches of Professor Lapworth and Mr. W. J. Harrison (18S2) 

 have shown that the quartzite is of Cambrian age,- thus generally 

 confirming the view of Jukes and Howell of the antiquity of the 

 quartzite. 



Apart from the interesting but often arduous work of mapping 

 there was much other work to be done : the districts surveyed by 

 Mr. Howell were illustrated by many sheets of vertical sections, and 

 also of ' horizontal ' or longitudinal sections drawn to a natural 

 scale of six inches to a mile. The task of producing these longi- 

 tudinal sections was in old days a tedious and troublesome one, 

 requiring great care and skill. Nowadays with the contoured six- 

 inch maps the surveyor can readily plot his sections in the office. 

 Then he had to traverse the ground with theodolite and chain, and 

 to conduct his operations with the aid of a couple of men. 



In many instances the horizontal sections were accompanied by 

 short descriptive pamphlets (price 2d.), and in these (e.g., Explana- 

 tions of Sheets 46, 48, 50, 51, and 57 — all published in 1859) we 

 find many notes on the strata examined and mapped by Mr. Howell. 

 He was also joint author with Mr. Aveline of a short memoir on 

 " The Geology of part of Leicestershire " (1860). 



In the autumn of 1854 the Geological Survey of Scotland was 

 commenced by Karasay in the neighbourhood of Dunbar. His 

 Directorial duties, however, prevented him from accomplishing very 

 much field-work, and in consequence Mr. Howell was transferred to 

 Scotland, and commenced work there in 1855. In course of time he 

 surveyed large areas in the counties of Berwick, Haddington, and 

 Edinburgh, his cliief work being the mapping of the Mid and East 

 Lothian and Fifeshire Coalfields. 



In the same year (1855) Mr. Howell was joined by Mr. (now Sir) 

 Archibald Geikie (the present Director-General), who, "after some 

 months of field-work with Mr. Howell in continuing the Director's 

 mapping in East Lothian, began the survey of Midlothian in 1856."^ 

 A joint work on " The Geology of the Neighbourhood of Edinburgh," 

 by H. H. Howell and Archibald Geikie, was published in 1861. 

 The descriptions of the Midlothian Coalfield and chapters on the 

 Millstone Grit and Coal-measures were written by Mr. Howell. 

 Meanwhile, in 1857, Mr. Howell had been promoted to the rank of 

 Geologist. Later on (in 1861) John Young, M.D. (now Professor 



1 See Strahan, Geol. Mag., 1886, p. 541. 



- bapworth. ibid., 1882, p. 564. 



^ Geikie's Memoir of Eamsay, p. 244. 



