484 C. W. Andrews — Fossil Mammals from Egypt. 



inwards instead of inwards only The outer limb of the V runs to 

 the base of the internal cusp of the pair in front (entooonid), while 

 the inner limb forms the inner border of the talon ; between the 

 arms of the V is a rudimentary cusp, whicli is wanting or scarcely 

 perceptible in Ancodns, but which in Anthracotherivm is large, and 

 in fact equal to the V-shaped outer cusp and standing in the same 

 transverse line with it ; indeed, in the form of the talon Brachyodns 

 is intermediate between the older genera. The structure of the 

 other molars will be seen in the figure (Fig. 2) ; it is closely similar 

 to that of the molars of B. onoideus. The fourth premolar is a very 

 massive tooth, with one high cusp, from, which radiate three ridges ; 

 one, running to the antero-internal angle, the second to a point 

 a little behind the middle point of the tooth, while the third runs 

 directly backwards, and terminates in a much worn tubercle on the 

 prominent heel of the tooth ; the cingulum is well developed on the 

 anterior and posterior ends, and also on the anterior half of the inner 

 side. Pm. 3 in this specimen is represented only by its two fangs 

 imbedded in their alveoli ; anterior to this the jaw is broken away. 



The arrangement of the anterior premolars is shown in two other 

 specimens, one of which is figured (PI. XXIII, Figs. 3, 4). In this 

 the second premolar is still in position ; it has two roots, and its 

 form is shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Immediately in front of it is the 

 alveolus of the single-rooted first premolar. In front of this the upper 

 b(»-der of the jaw was thin and sharp-edged ; it is broken away 

 about 20 mm, in front of pm. 1 ; no trace of the socket of the canine 

 is visible, and from the form of the mandible it is improbable that 

 this tooth was developed into a large tusk. The dimensions of the 

 teeth are ; — 



Leno;tli. Greatest width. 



m. 3 ... ... ... 51 mm 25 mm. 



m. 2 36 ,, 24 



m. 1 25 ,, 17 



pm.4 27 ,, 17 



pm. 3 ? „ ? 



pm. 2 22 ,, 13 



The wide distribution of this Lower Miocene Anthracothere is 

 notable, and I think that probably, as Deperet has suggested, the 

 Siwalik forms Hyopotamus gigantens and Anthracotheriiim hyopota- 

 moides, described by Lydekker, belong to this genus also. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIII. 



Fig. 1 . — Imperfect right ramus of mandible of Brachyodus africamis (No .2,849, type- 

 specimen) . 

 ,, 2. — Teeth of above specimen, seen from above. 



,, 3. — Fragment of anterior of right ramns of mandible of another individual. 

 ,, 4. — Second premolar, seen from above. 



All the figures are rather more than f natural size. 



[To be continued .) 



