CLIMATOLOGY. 8 1 



on the south and open towards the north and east ; and no doubt 

 thetemperatureof thelevel country is, by theproxhxiity of extensive 

 tracts of moorland both upon the east and west, depressed to 

 some extent below its proper average, and the temperature of 

 the low part of North Yorkshire as a whole, is thus brought to 

 be more upon an equality with the rest of the Mid-agrarian zone 

 than it is with those parts of the Centre and South of England 

 which the Infer-agrarian zone comprises. 



We do not possess for any maritime and elevated stations 

 within our limits any records of temperature which come near 

 to those of York as regards the period of time over which they 

 have extended. During a comparatively few years previous to 

 1863 Dr. Cooke and others made observations, under the auspices 

 of the Meteorological Society, at Scarborough. At two stations 

 upon the banks of the South Tyne with a difference in altitude 

 above the sea of 1300 feet my valued friend Thomas Sopwith 

 mounted sets of instruments in 1856. The most elevated of 

 the two, Allenheads, is near the head of a branch of the South 

 Tyne about ten miles from the nearest point of North Yorkshire, 

 and some of the observations made there, as well as at his low- 

 land station, I shall here appropriate. For York the tempera- 

 tures for the decade of years ending with i860 are considerably 

 below the average which has been already stated and so I give 

 these, the means, the average daily maxima and the average 

 daily minima, along with those from Scarborough and Allenheads 

 up to i860, as summarised from Mr. Glaisher's tables* (See 

 the table on the next page). 



Scarborough and Allenheads, in the first place let us ol)serve, 

 are both shut out from the south-west in a way that will have 

 the effect of dej)ressing their temperatures below the point 

 which they might be expected to reach under more favourable 



* For each section there is in the reports sometimes a month left blank. These blanks 

 will almost always arise in a course of meteorological registration through absence from 

 home of the observer or pressure of other cng.igements. It will be understood that in all 

 the tables the average is not always drawn from every month of every year indicated. 



Hot. Trans. V.N.U., Vol. 3. G 



