CLIMATOLOGY. 



97 



but these were killed by the ensuing severe winter. The Mul- 

 berry will not ripen every year as a standard but will usually do 

 so when trained against a wall with a southern exposure. In 

 Cleveland the Vine and Spanish Chesnut do not ripen their 

 fruit in the open air, and the Mulberry hardly ever, but the 

 Peach, Nectarine and Apricot usually ripen their fruit against 

 brick walls with a southern exposure. 



Perhaps the best horticultural test of the power of the colds 

 of winter is furnished by the ornamental shrubs, and here there 

 does not seem to be any appreciable difference between the 

 Cleveland low country and the Central valley. The following 

 list applies to both of these tracts, and contains the names of 

 some of the commonest shrubs which are what the gardeners call 

 ' half-hardy,' that is, are liable to be cut down and destroyed 

 by the frosts of winters which are somewhat colder than usual : 



Arbutus Unedo, Jasminum ixvolutum, Cistus ladaniferiis, 

 Bnddlea globosa, Genista florida., Deutzia gracilis, Magnolia 

 g7-andifloia. South European fruticose Cytisi, Tatnarix gallica, 

 T. gert/iaiiica, R/iododend?-on aiboreuni, Cry/>toiiieria jafonica, 

 Pinus excelsa, Laurus nobilis, Viburnum Tinus, Garrya elliptica. 



The minimum temperatures reached in various localities both 

 within and beyond our limits during the severe weather of the 

 Christmas of i860 have already been stated. The following 

 list applies to the North Yorkshire portion of the vale of York 

 and is an attempt at horticultural appraisement of this un- 

 usually severe frost as tested by its influence upon trees and 

 shrubs : 



Killed. — Standard Asiatic Roses, Peach, Nectarine, Arau- 

 caria, Deodar, Mulberry, Ivy, Holly, Oak, Aucuba, Frunus 

 laurocerasus, P. lusitaiiica, Laurus nobilis, Viburnum Ti/rus, 

 Vine, Qucrcus Ilex, Q. Suber, Walnut. 



Injured. — Privet, Gorse, Broom, Robinia Pscudacacia, 

 Fuchsia, Apple, Pear, Platanus, Medlar, Yew, Laburnum, Dog- 

 Rose, Whitethorn. 



Hot.Tr.ins. V.N.U., Vol. 3. H 



