98 baker's north YORKSHIRE. 



Uninjured. — Hazel, Ash, Birch, Beech, Lime, Alder, 

 Poplars, Willows, Sycamore, Guelder Rose, Elm, Cherry, 

 Wellingtonia, Berberis ilicifolia. 



The summer of i860 was unusually cold, sunless and humid, 

 and this no doubt had a powerful influence in determining the 

 effect upon vegetation of the winter which ensued, so that no 

 doubt we may for all ordinary purposes regard the foregoing as 

 representing a maximum of injury. Often only the young wood 

 of trees and bushes in the ' killed ' list was injured, but nothing 

 has been included therein upon the faith of single or isolated 

 cases. At Howsham one or two Beech trees, and in the vale of 

 Pickering several Ash trees were considerably injured, and at 

 Hildenley and elsewhere Acer ca7npestre, and in the neighbour- 

 hood of Driffield several fine old trees oi Salix alba and Populus 

 7iigra were destroyed. The damage to the latter-named species 

 in the' injured' list was inconsiderable, but the three first were 

 cut down to the ground in many places. 



In reply to my enquiry respecting the influence of proximity 

 to the sea upon the cultivation of ornamental trees and shrubs, 

 especially as tested by the Christmas of i860, my friend W. 

 Mudd, of Great Ayton, writes in substance as follows. ' Start 

 from Marton and skirt the country by way of Ormesby, Eston, 

 Lazenby, Wilton, Kirkleatham, Skelton, Lofthouse, Hinderwell, 

 and Mulgrave Castle to Whitby, and I believe that between this 

 line and the sea vegetation generally will be found fully two 

 weeks in advance of the inland Cleveland country. As a general 

 rule most trees and shrubs thrive better upon the inland 

 than upon the seaward side of it. In the months of February, 

 March, and sometimes April, the North, North-east, and East 

 winds often what we call ' break ' upon the edge of the hills and 

 sweep the low country, cutting the tender shoots of trees and 

 bushes both near the sea and in the interior. Along the line 

 Laurus nobilis, Pinus excelsa, and Cedrus Deodara, thrive and 

 have stood the severe frosts, but they are killed both upon the 



