132 BAKERS NORTH YORKSHIRE. 



space is left between the river and the fell, the first farm-house 

 is reached, and green fields begin. This is Upper Cronkley and 

 the hill is called Cronkley Fell. 



From the Mickle Fell ridge to the plateau of Cronkley Fell 

 proper the tourist in descending has first to thread his way 

 amongst a perfect labyrinth of peaty gorges, and then several 

 edges of limestone and gritstone, the bands of the lower part of 

 the Yoredale series, are crossed. The Tyne-bottom limestone 

 of the White Force is 1730 feet above the sea-level, the Cronkley 

 plateau rather higher. The fell stands out boldly towards the 

 Tees from the main ridge of hill, so that from the White Force 

 to the Caldron Snout the nearest way is across the back of it, 

 and here we have those undulated patches of loosely granular 

 metamorphosed Tyne-bottom limestone which botanists know 

 so well, patches of white crumbling rock and wiry scraggy turf 

 which easily catch the eye amidst the heather and peat. The 

 following are the rarer plants of the fell-top, growing nearly all 

 of them upon the ' sugar limestone ': 



Thalict?-um alpinum 

 Draba incana 

 Helianthemnm canum 

 Hippocrepis coiiiosa 

 Dryas odopetala 

 Galium sylvestre 

 Gnaphalium dioicum 

 Gentiana verna 

 Vacdnium Oxycoccus 

 Bartsia alpina 



Primula farinosa begins 

 Flantago maritima 

 Juniperus commutiis 

 Tofieldia palustris 

 Juucus triglumis (planted) 

 Elyna caridna 

 Carex capillaris 

 Lycopodium selaginoides 



Grimmia Doniana. 

 The stream which flows from the back of Cronkley Fell is 

 joined by another little streamlet from the east, upon the banks 

 of which, a short distance from their junction, Poly gala austriaca 

 grows, and at the edge of the fell falls over a deep scar of Tyne- 

 bottom limestone based upon Basalt. This is what is called 

 the White Force. There is a way down from above to the 

 centre of the waterfall, and on the west of it a deep perpendicular 

 precipice, and upon each side the hills sweep round towards 

 the force so as to form a sort of ravine, the lower part of which 



