1 62 baker's north YORKSHIRE. 



Draba incana 

 Rubus saxatilis 

 Ribes petrczum 

 Sedum villosum 

 Galium sylvestre 

 AsplenUmi viride 



Lycopodium selaginoides 



Ulota Bruchii 

 Zieria julacea 

 Mnium affine 



subdobosum. 



The little town of Hawes stands at an elevation of from 800 

 to 900 feet above the sea level, within a mile of the point 

 where Widdale Beck joins the main stream of Yore. Seven 

 dales, on the north Yoredale proper, Cotterdale and Fossdale, 

 on the south Mossdale, Widdale, Gayledale and Semerdale, 

 all open out within three miles of Hawes, radiating from it 

 towards the west, north and south. From Hawes due east to 

 Leyburn extends the main Wensleydale hollow, seventeen miles 

 in length, a noble dale, broad and steep, the stream at the upper 

 part at least 1400 feet below the hill-tops, the sides of the dale 

 girdled by long lines of limestone scar, with little villages 

 at the bottom succeeding each other at short intervals, sur- 

 rounded by pastures and rich luxuriant meadows. 



The north side of the dale is much more continuous and 

 less broken than the south, its streams being shorter and its 

 branch dales narrower and less deeply excavated. Next to 

 Cotterdale comes Fossdale. Its two branches extend for a 

 considerable distance into the moors, and then the two becks 

 unite to form a stream which from their junction falls rapidly 

 amongst thick woods, and at last not far from the Yore throws 

 itself over a precipice 99 feet in depth, and forms that gem of 

 the Yoredale waterfalls, Hardraw Force. The cap rock of the 

 fall is the Hardraw Limestone, which also forms scars round 

 the edge of the glen which leads up to it, and this is based 

 upon shale, the limestone projecting so much beyond the shale 

 that it is often quite practicable to pass between the spout of 

 water and the bottom of the rock, though it is at the risk of 

 being drenched by the cloud of spray which surrounds it. The 

 following are the rarer plants of the cliffs and woods of Fossdale 

 and of this Hardraw ravine : 



