^02 BAKER^S NORTH YORKSHIRE. 



yards in elevation, and then down Goathland Dale in the direc- 

 tion of Whitby. Newton Dale at its upper part is a steep, narrow, 

 heathery gill, its sides crested in some places with edges of 

 arenaceous crag. On the east of it Lilla Howe Cross attains looo 

 feet, and west of it several of the arenaceous peaks are between 800 

 and 900 feet in elevation. The calcareous range of hills is con- 

 siderably broader between Hackness and Newton Dale than it is 

 a little further westward, and the highest part of its table-land is 

 here 882 feet above the sea-level. A small branch glen which 

 is deeply excavated in this plateau, and which is called the 

 Hole of Horcum, is well known to botanists as a station for 

 Cornus suecka, a Montane plant, which south of the Scotch 

 Highlands, is. known only in this tract and amongst the Cheviots. 

 The town of Pickering stands upon the banks of the Newton 

 Dale stream, just where it leaves the limestone. A copious 

 spring, at a place called Keld Head, situated on the edge of the 

 limestone, west of Pickering, furnishes the source of the Costa, 

 which flows southward through the valley and joins the 

 Pickering stream and the Rye not far from where the latter falls 

 into the Derwent. And east of Newton Dale and the Hole of 

 Horcum is a glen called Thornton Dale, which, like the Hole of 

 Horcum, does not penetrate beyond the Limestone; and the 

 stream of which flows into the Derwent before the Rye reaches 

 it. Besides the Cornus, the following are the more interesting 

 plants of Newton Dale and the neighbourhood of Pickering : 



Trollius europceus 

 Aquilegia vulgaris 

 Corydalis daviculata 

 Astragalus hypoglottis 

 Rubus calvatus 

 Hieracium ccBsium 

 Carduus eriophoru's 



„ heterophyllus 

 Inula Hele7iium 

 Salvia Verbenaca 

 Marrubinm vulgare 

 Alyrica Gale 

 Neottia Nidus-avis 

 Orchis pyramidalis 



Habenaria albida 

 Ophtys inuscifera 

 Gagea hi tea 

 Convallaria inajalis 

 Pota)nogeton rufescens 



Gymnostomum curvirostrum 

 Cynodontiu7n Bruntoni 

 Dicrafiuiii fuscesceiis 

 Tetrodon tium Broivnianum 

 Polytrichum gracile 

 Bryum uliginosum 

 Cylindrothecium concinnum. 



