'^c^^'^ 



Zoology *'V\ 



OCT U 1945' 



^' a R A Rj^ 



EXP 



The obtenations are made at nine 

 minimum thermometer readings, agaii 



The hig'hest iind lowest barometiicr 

 are given as recoiiied ; while the mean 

 coiTected for index error, capillarity, 1 

 altitude or reduce to sea level (the ail 

 30 inches at sea level), add "401 inch to 



A re'markahle instance of barome' 

 1886, when at 8.40 p.m 

 inches only— the lowest reading t 

 sion was the cause of gicat loss of li 

 large disbict. 



All thermometric obseiTations and 



The adopted mean temperatme 





: the 



wet bulb and the 1 



of vapoiir, humidity. &c., are deduc 



Ijulb hygrometer, by Glaisher's Hygroi 









METEOROLOGY OF 



BRADFORD 



FOR 



188 8. 

















Sheet 2. 





fEAELT Maximum and Minimitm Atmosphebio Pbessube, 



Temperatube, 



HtrMIDIl 



Y, Brioht Sunshine, Wind Pbessube, 



AND Rainfall. 









TEMPKRATUItli. 





nplete Satm-ation 



= 100.) 

 owest. 



n 





Wind Pressukk. r 



Kais. ^ 





In Shade. 



■ . IJ 



a 



Bright Si 



.-.SIll.M.. 



1 )tal 



XCAV 



lis! 



LFitr.lallonsrtoe. 

 atTn.H'U&Mid. 

 Stn.thanat65ift. 



II ' 



il ! 



Snow. 





Seasons. 





Date. 



Total 



uf 

 Year. 







Date. 



Last and First 



flighest. 



Lowest. 1 ii"»t 0. 



Highest. 







li 



Date. 



li 



Date of Date of 



Date. Lost Fii-st 



IVost. Frost. 



m 



Hate. 



lie 



Date. 



HI 



Date. 





Date. ' 



1 Date of 



Laat 

 1 Snow. 



Date of 

 First 

 Snow. 



, 









;o-ioD 





5-190 





hr. min 





w. mm. 









Ins. 



Ins. 



Ins. Per cent 



ins. 1 



, 







127-7 



Aug. 30 99 







Sep. 24 











sq. ft. 











1 April 3 



Oct. 19 







July 25 

 Aug. 12 

 July 23 

 July 23 







1275 



July 25 98 





















24-120 







820 June 18 i Mar. 24 













1287 



July 17 1 98 





















21-640 







0-985 1 June 16 ■ Mar. 15 

















10(1 





















42-060 























124-5 



July 23 



100 



Deo. 11 

















21-440 











V200 Aug. 4 April 25 













126-8 



July 20 



101) 

















23-660 1 

















Aug. 17 

 July 17 







1220 



July 6 



100 





































July 16 



99 



Oct. ,4 















35-270 



39-7B8 



4-618 



11-28 



1-810 Oct. 9 April 12 













Oct. 18 



1164 



June 19 



inn 

















40660 



45-499 



4-849 



11-19 











July 19 

 July 30 

 Blip. 5 

 July 6 

 Aug. 12 





Dec. 26 April 6 

 Dec. 7 1 May 1J 





1182 



July 22 



99 



.Jan. 13 



















35 434 



39010 





11-01 



















10(1 



Oct. 7 



51 



















28 017 



30-298 



2281 



1082 



10201 June 8 May 7 















Aug. 13 



99 



Dec. 15 



bU 

















35-690 



39616 



3926 



11-10 















Oct. 17 





June 1 



98 



Oct. 14 



38 



May 31 















35 434 



39 892 



4458 



11-26 



1 435 



Oct. 13 April 20 













Nov. 12 



1080 



Auir. 9 



99 



Nov. 5 



36 

















39-683 



43-103 



3-420 



10-86 



















107-6 



May 17 



99 



Dec. 26 





































Aug. 12 

 July 27 

 Juy 3 

 July 9 







Nov. 24 



107 8 



Aug 9 



98 



Jan. 23 



30 





































Dec. 11 April 5 

 Mai-. 7 ' April 30 

 Jan. 17 1 April 17 

 Feb. 14 ' April 8 





113-6 



July 27 



109 



.Ian. 23 











































July 5 



99 



Jan. 12 



32 



May 4 













Deo. 9 35-993 









2-130 



















100 



April 21 



35 



July 9 



12 40 



July 3 



1120 58 





15-00 



Feb. 4 18666 











HIO 









4 



192 



0<t. 2 



1100 



Sep. 15 



69 



Jlar. 16 



39 



June 11 



13 40 



May 24 



884 20 



20 



13-00 



May 4 25 646 | 







1-050 









6 



'■ 13-1 







116 7 



1 99 



1 40 







_n^J2_ 



1 952 22 ' 21 



2J7JJ5_ 



1 30-697 1 39-601 



3-860 1 11 08 



1-361 



' 





LANATION. 



a.m., and, with the exception of 

 I at three p.m. 



eadings for each month, alsolbe monthly range, 

 pressure is deduced from bi-daily observations 

 cmperatiu-e, and diuraal range. To correct for 

 ■ temperature being 48 degrees and bai-oraeter 

 the heights given. 



trie dcpi-ession occuiTed on the 8th December, 

 the Exchange barometer had fallen to 27-4B6 

 ird here. The cyclone indicated by this depres- 

 ■e and property, extending over an unusually 



deductions are given in degrees Fahrenheit, 

 f ail- is deduced from the diy bulb and the 

 temperatm-e of evaporation from the drj' and 

 imum readings. The dew point, elastic force 

 ed from bi-daily readings of the diy and wet 

 nctiical Tables, sixth edition. 



'i he sunshine is recorded in houre and minutes by glass sphere on cards fixed 

 on Professor Stokes' zodiacal frame. 



The solar thermomeler bos a black bvilb enclosed in a vacuum. 



The direction, velocity, and pressm-e of wind are recorded as mdicated by 

 anemometers fixed lOi feet above the ridge of roof of Exchange. The velocity per 

 hour at 9a m. is determined from anemometer readings made one minute and a half 

 before and a like period after that hour, by multiplying the difference thereof by 

 20. The pressure is given in poimds avoirdupois per square foot. 



The amount of cloud is estimated by a scale ranging from to 10. 



The rain gauge is fixed upon the top of eenti-al roof of the Exchange, at an 

 elevation of 65i feet above the smface of the ground and 395 feet above mean sea 

 level. As rain gaug-es on the summit of buildings are generally foimd to collect less 

 rain tJian when placed upon the surface of open giound adjacent thereto, steps were 

 taken in 1875 to detenuine to what extent this was the case with the Exchange 

 rain gauge, when two additional gauges were provided and fixed upon the surface 

 of adjacent open spaces, one neai' to the Town Hall, the other near to the Midland 

 Eailway Station, between which the Exchange gauge is situate about midway, and 

 the surface of ground about the same height. At both of these gauges, as well 

 as at the Exchange gauge, daily observations were made from the commencement 



of 1876 to the end of 1882, a period of seven yeai-s, when the sui-faee gauges were 

 removed in consequence of the ground they occupied being no longer available for 

 the purpose. The particulars of these gaugings are set forth in tables. The i-esults 

 show that the mean yearly rainfall on the surface of gioimd for the seven years 

 ending with 1882 is 386 inches, or 11 08 per cent, grenter than at the siunmit of the 

 Exchange. The mean yLarly rainfall recoi-ded at the Exchange for the nineteen 

 years ending with 1883 is 30'597 inches. By adding II -08 percent, theieto the mean 

 normal rainfall of central Bradford for such period is found to be 33 '987 inches per 

 annum. There are gocd grounds for concluding that the smaller amount of rain- 

 fall collected on the Exchange —and on buildings generally— than on the surface of 

 ground is due to the varj'ing dii-ection and force of wind there producing difl'erent 

 currents and eddies, which prevent due precipitation on the top or ridge of roof where 

 the gauge is fixed. 'Ihe rainfall of 1869 was collected by a gauge placed on the ridge 

 of outer roof of Exchange, near to the north-west comer thereof . This position not 

 being deemed quite satisfactory, the pauge was removed at the end of that year to 

 the ridge of central roof— the place it has since occupied. To avoid risk of inaccu- 

 rate residts, the rainfall of 1869 is omitted from these returns. 



The instruments with which the observations are made have been verified by 

 compaiison with the standards at Kew Observatorj*. 



