?04c 



METEOROLOGY OF BRADFORD FOR 1889. 



Yearly Maximum and Minimum Atmospheric Pkessuke, Temperature, Humidity, Beight Sunshine, Wind Prebsuee, and Rainfall. 



Year. 



PBKSSrBB. 





Highest. 



Lowest. 



Ills 



Date. 



|l-|s 



Date. 







a~-° 





^^/- 





Ins. 





Ins. 





leea 



30290 





28-600 



Feb. 1 



1870 



30284 



Jan. 19 



28 306 



Jan. 8 



1871 



30152 



Mar. 28 



26-308 



Jan. 16 



1872 



30156 



Anril 6 



28-070 



Jan. 24 



1873 



30338 



Fell. 18 



28022 



Jan. 20 



1874 



30-476 



Mar. 6 



28276 



Dec. 11 



1875 



30305 



.Inly 7 



28-484 



Nov. 10 



1676 



30300 



Jan. 15 



26 070 



Deo. 4 



1877 



30'356 



Oct. 6 



26-300 



Nov. 29 



1878 



30-320 



Mar. 16 



28630 



April 1 



1879 



30-362 



Deo. 13 



28600 



Feb. 10 



1686 



30332 



Jan. 7 



28-154 



Nov. 16 



1681 



30-382 



May 10 



28250 



Oct. M 



1882 



30 644 



Jan. 18 



28452 



Mar. 1 



1883 



30500 



April 9 



28452 



Sep. 2 



1684 



30-364 



Oct. 5 



28 376 



Jan. 27 



1866 



30 273 



Mar. 14 



26 400 



.Ian, 11 



1866 



30355 



Nov. 24 



27 652 



Dec. 8 



18K7 



30412 



Feb. 8 



26 328 



Nov. 3 



1886 



30-333 



Jan. 10 



28410 



Mar. 26 



1689 



30-358 



Dec. 5 



?8 460 



Mai. 20 



Means 



30342 





28305 







30 



July 



2b 







July 



23 



July 



23 



July 



20 





1/ 



July 



1/ 



June 



19 



July 



19 





311 



Sep. 



b 



July 



6 







July 



3 



Auff. 



12 



July 



2/ 



Jn y 



3 



July 



9 



June 



27 



I Date of 

 1 Frxjst. 



5 7 Jan. 1 April 11 

 1-8 Mar. 27 ' Mar. 27 

 )-3 I Feb. 24 i Mar. 14 

 Mar. 12 

 Mar, 22 

 April 15 



April 6 

 May 10 

 Feb. 23 

 April 21 

 I April 16 

 Mar. 29 

 April 24 



ipril 5 

 April 30 



April 8 I O. 



-Lr. 



1246 

 1246 

 125-8 



Nov. 12 

 Nov. 24 

 Nov. 16 



Auj. 30 



July 25 



July 17 



AuB. 19 



July 23 



July 20 



July 6 



July 16 



July 22 

 Aug. 13 

 Aug. 13 

 June 1 

 Aug. 9 

 May 17 

 Aug. 9 



Miir 



2? 



Her 





Keb 





Jan. 



23 



Oct. 



29 



Jan. 



13 



Oct. 





llee 



15 



1 let. 



14 



Nov 



h 



Dec. 



26 



Jan. 



23 



ion = 100.) 

 Lowest. 



100 Jnn. 23 32 

 99 Jan 12 ; 32 

 100 April 21 I 35 



Dec. 12 

 May 30 

 May 31 

 May 18 

 April 9 

 May 22 



BkIGHT 8UNBI1INB. 



&-S Total 



««■§ Date. I of 

 a OS Yeai-. 



July 6 f51 48 I 



July 3 1120 !8 



May 24 S84 20 



July 8 827 45 





Date of 

 Last 



Date of 

 First 



2400 Jan. 24 



21 440 

 23 560 

 30 280 

 35-270 

 40'650 



35 690 

 35 434 

 39-683 

 34-396 

 27-657 

 25 699 

 35-993 



820 I June 18 Mar. 24 



I June 19 May 11 

 April 25 

 May 9 

 Mar. 12 

 April 12 



39 616 

 39892 

 43-103 



3-576 



2 281 



3 926 



1-200 

 0-740 \ 

 1700 I 



1-810 ; 

 V420 I 

 1 220 I 



Nov, 15 

 Nov. 16 

 Nov. 13 

 Jan. 3, '74 



Oct. 27 



Oct. 13 



Dec. 6 



fiep. 26 



' May 19 

 Apiil 1 

 May 7 



2-130 



810 

 1050' 



Mar. 21 , ..„ 



Mar. 24 No' 



Feb. 28 No 



May 7 Det. 



May 12 Nov. 6 



May 21 Oct. U 



April 8 Oct. 1 



EXPLANATION. 



The ob&er^'ations are made at nine a.m., and, with the exceplio: 

 minimum thermometer readings, again at three p.m. 



The highest and lowest bai'ometric readings for each month, alsulhemonthly range, 

 are given as recorded ; while the mean pressure is deduced from bi-daily observations 

 corrected for index eiTor, capillarity, temperature, and diurnal range. To correct for 

 altitude or reduce to sea level (the air temperature being 48 degrees and barometer 

 30 inches at sea level), add "401 inch to the heights given. 



A remarkable inslanre of barometric depression occurred on the 8tli December. 

 1886, when at 8.40 p.m. the mercury of the Eschanj-e barometer had fallen to 27-466 

 inches only— the lowest reading on ncnrd here. The cyclone indicated by this depres- 

 Hon Mas the cause of great loss of life and property, extending over an unusually 

 large district. 



All thermomefric obsenations and deductions are given in degrees Fahrenheit. 



The adopted mean temperature of air is deduced from the dry bulb and the 

 readings ; the temperature of evaporation from the dry and 

 minimum readings. The dew point, elastic force 

 of vapour, humidity, &c., are deduced from bi-daily readings of the dry and wet 

 bulb hygrometer, by Glaisher's Hygrometrical Tables, sixth edition. 



wet bulb and the 



Bright sunshine is recorded in houi*s and minutes by glass sphere on cards, Iinowa 

 as CnmpbcH's recoi-der, fixed on Professor Stokes' zodiacal frame. 



The solar thermometer has a black bulb enolo.=ed in a vacuum. 



The direction, velocity, and pressure of ivind are recoi-ded &>• indicated by 

 anemometers fixed 10^ feet above the ridge of roof of Exchange. The velocity pT 

 hour at 9n m. if- dfteimiued Irom anemometer readings made one minute and a half 

 before and a like period after that hour, by multiplying the difference thereof by 

 20. The pressure is given in pounds avoirdupois per square foot. 



The amount of cloud is estimated by a scale ranging from to 10. 



The rain gauge is fixed upon the top of central roof of the Exchange, at an 

 elevation of fiSJ feet above the surface of the ground and 395 feet above mean sea 

 level. As rain gauges on the summit of buildings arc generally found to collect less 

 rain than when placed upon the smface of open ground adjacent thereto, steps were 

 taken in 1875 to determine to what extent this was the case -with tlie Exchange 

 rain gauge, when two additional gauges were provided and fixed upon the surface 

 of adjacent open spaces, one near to the Town Hall, the other near to the Midland 

 Eailway Station, between which the Exchange gauge is situate about midway, and 

 the surface of ground about the same height. At both of these gauges, as well 

 as at the Exchange gauge, daily observations were made from the 



of 1876 to the end of 1882, a period of seven yeai-s, when the siuface gauges were 

 removed in consequence of the ground I hey occupied being no longer available for 

 the purpose. The pai-ticulars of these gaugings are set forth in tables. The resiUts 

 show that the mean yearly rainfall on the surface of ground for the seven years 

 ending with 1 882 is 3 86 inches, or 1 1 08 per cent., greater than at the simmiit of the 

 Exchange. The mean y.arly rainfall recorded at the Exchange for tie twenty 

 years ending with 18E9 is 30174 inches. Byaddingn08 per cent, thereto the mean 

 normal rainfall of central Bradford for such period is found to be 33 51 7 inches per 

 aimum. There are good grounds for concluding that the smaller amount of rain- 

 fall collected on the Exchange— and on buildings generally— tlian on the surface of 

 giound is due to the var^'ing direction and force of wind there producing different 

 currents and eddies, nhicb prevent due precipitation on the top or ridge of roof where 

 the gauge is fixed. 'J he rainfall of 1869 was collect<;d by a gauge placed on the ridge 

 of outer roof of Exchange, near to the north-west comer thereof . This position not 

 being deemed quite satisfactory, the {.auge was removed at the end of that year to 

 the ridge of central roof— the place it has since occupied. To avoid risk of inaccu- 

 rate results, the rainfidlof 1869 is omitted from these returns. 



The instruments with which the observations are made have been verified by 

 comparison with the standards at Kew Observatory. 



