CiRC- No! 72. 



Leyburn — distance about five miles. The party will be accompanied 

 by Messrs. Arthure (President of the Leyburn Society), Wm. Home, 

 F.G.S., J. A. Rodwell, and other members of the local society. 



Permission is granted by Lord Bolton for members to visit his 

 estates, and by the Hon. W. T. Orde-Powlett for them to inspect his 

 Ethnological and Archaeological Museum he has formed at Bolton 

 Castle. 



Books and Maps. 



The whole district is comprised in Sheet 97 N.E. of the One-inch 

 and Sheets 67 and 68 of the Six-inch Ordnance Maps. The Geologi- 

 cal Maps are not yet published. For further information see Phillips' 

 Works — and Papers published in ' The Naturalist ' on the Birds (by 

 E. Chapman, Nat., June, 1886, p. 183), the MoUusca (by W. Denison 

 Roebuck, Nat., Jan., 1883, p. 81), and the Flowering Plants (Jno. 

 Percival, Nat., May, 1888, p. 125). References to the Fauna 

 and Flora are also given in Whitaker's ' Richmondshire,' Barker's 

 ' Three Days of Wensleydale,' and other topographical works. 



Physical Geography and Geology. 



Mr. J. W. Davis, F.G.S., F.L.S., &c., furnishes the following:— 

 The strata in the neighbourhood of Leyburn, in Wensleydale, form 

 the typical series to which the late Prof Phillips gave the name of the 

 'Yoredales.' The thick-bedded massive Limestone, which in the 

 northern parts of Craven attains a thickness of 600 to 1000 feet, 

 becomes further north divided by intercalations of beds of Shale and 

 Sandstone, which constantly increase in thickness and importance in 

 their progress towards Leyburn ; the Limestone, on the other hand, 

 thus divided, gradually decreases in thickness. In Wensleydale the 

 variety of alternations reaches its maximum, and in the Upper Beds 

 there are one or two thin seams of coal. The Main Limestone, or 

 ' Red Beds,' forms the escarpment denominated the 'Leyburn Shawl'; 

 it is 60 or 70 feet beneath the base of the Millstone Grits. In this 

 Limestone Mr. William Home has discovered a small cave from which 

 bones of man and other evidences of his occupation have been 

 obtained ; beneath the shelter of the escarpment nearer Leyburn are 

 the remains of an ancient burial ground, and a remarkable tumulus, 

 composed of masses of Limestone. The objects found in the 

 investigation of these remains have been deposited, with the kind 

 permission of Lord Bolton, in a room at Bolton Castle. 



About half-a-mile east of Leyburn station the Red Limestone 

 descends to a level with the railway lines and has been quarried at 

 Harmby. It is from this quarry that Mr. Home has obtained a large 

 number of fish-remains ; they principally occur on an horizon about 

 thirty feet below the surface ; they consist mostly of fossil teeth with 

 occasional spines, and are scattered over the surface, when newly 

 exposed, in large numbers ; they are, however, very difficult to detach 

 and fracture with the Limestone, so that comparatively few good 

 specimens can be obtained. 



