CiRC. No. 75. 



Books and Maps. 



The district will be found upon the One-inch Ordnance Map, 

 sheet 72 (formerly 94 S.W.), of which the 'Drift' edition of the 

 Geological Map is also published. Reference can also be made to 

 Tate and Blake's ' Yorkshire Lias.' 



Physical Geography and Geology. 



The Rev. E. Maule Cole, M.A., writes :— It was hoped at one 

 time that the new railway, now in process of construction, from Market 

 Weighton to Driffield would afford some new and valuable sections of 

 the beds underlying the chalk at the former locality. Such, however, 

 is not the case. There is a very deep cutting (70 feet) in the Middle 

 Chalk (chalk with flints) at Euthorpe, which does not reach the Grey 

 Chalk, and the material excavated is used to form an embankment in 

 the dale bottom approaching Market Weighton, covering up former 

 exposures instead of revealing new ones. 



The town of Market Weighton is built partly on the Keuper Marls 

 of the New Red Sandstone, and partly on beds of Lower Lias. The 

 four Ammonite Zones of the Lower Lias, viz. : planorhis, angidatus, 

 bucklandi, and oxynotus, are all present in the neighbourhood, though 

 difficult to find at Market Weighton ; typical sections of the two 

 former can be seen at North Cliff (three miles). 



The zone of A. planorbis furnishes the pleuromya limestones, and 

 bands of Ostnea liassica ; that of A. angulatiis the numerous ' grey 

 stones ' lying on the surface of the fields, generally fossiliferous ; that 

 of A. bucklandi the ubiquitous Gryphcea incurva or araiata, as now 

 called ; whilst A. oxynotus is famous for its belemnites. 



The Lower Oolites, which disappear at Hanging Grimston, save 

 for patches at Kirby Underdale and Grimthorpe, re-appear from under 

 the chalk half-way between Market Weighton and Sancton, at which 

 latter place, close to the church (north-east corner), there is a good 

 exposure of white Kellaways sandstone. 



The water supply of Market Weighton is drawn from the chalk, 

 from springs which issue at the junction of the Red Chalk with the 

 Lower Lias. Between Market Weighton and Londesborough the tea- 

 green shales of the Rh^tic beds may be found in the streams and 

 ditches. At Bielbecks, near Market Weighton, remains of extinct 

 mammals, Elephas pri/nigenius, Rhinoceros tichorhiniis, &c., probably 

 belonging to late glacial times, were found, in a marl pit some forty 

 years ago, and may be correlated with the mammoth remains recently 

 found in gravel at EUoughton. 



Botanology. 



The district to be investigated was, practically, terra incognita 

 previous to the visit of the Union on Sept. 4th, 1880, and little, if 

 anything, of importance has been reported from the neighbourhood 

 since, probably from lack of resident workers. The flowering plants 

 known to occur may be roughly divided into those typical of dry 

 calcareous and moister arenaceous soils. To the east of Weighton, 



