CiRC. No. 78. 



fauna and flora;, also Whitwam's List of Shells (Nat., May and June, 

 187.7, PP- 151 ^^^d 167); Porritt and Mosley's 'Lepidoptera of Hudders- 

 field''(Hudd Nat. Soc, 1883), price i/ -; W hitwam's 'Mollusca' and 

 Mosley's ' Reptilia of"Fruddersfield"^{da7T8S4)', price 6d. 

 Physical Geography and Geology, 



Mr. C. H. Boiiid sends the following :— Holmfirth lies in a narrow 

 valley on the eastern slope of the Pennine Range, on the Millstone 

 Grit series of foqks, all of which are well developed in the neighbour- 

 hood. The River Holme, a tributary of the Colne, drains the valley 

 and is fed by numerous small streams from the high moorlands around. 

 The Millstone Grit series are regarded as shore deposits with marine 

 intercalations, and are divided into four divisions, which in West 

 Yorkshire have arthickness of 2,000 to 3,006 ft. The Kinderscout, the 

 ■lowest bed, forms the high moorlands of Birchenbank Moss, Featherbed 

 "Moor, Harden Moor, &c., and is divided into two or three beds of 

 very coarse grit stones and shales, and attains a thickness of about 

 700 ft. The third grits lie immediately above the Kinderscout and 

 consist of gritstone, flagstone, shale and thin seams of coal ; a very 

 good section of these rocks is seen in Ramsden Clough ; they attain 

 a thickness of 400 to 500 ft. The uppermost bed forms the level ridge 

 ^-bounding Holrrie Moss', Black Moss, Withern Edge and Ramsden 

 Edge. Above the third grits and separated by about 100 ft. of shale, 

 are the second or flagstone grits of Cook's Study and Snailsden Pike 

 End. The rough rock or highest bed Of the Millstone Grit OcCQpies 

 the'traet- ©fScholes Moor to -Holmfirth (the Boshaw reservoir is 

 situated on this rock) and continues in an alinost unbroken line to 

 , Hu-ddersfield, where it disappears beneath the coal measures. Aseend- 

 /irig the valley .of the Holme, the river bed is cut through the third 

 . grits, at Holmbridge the Kinderscout appears and on one of its beds 



• ihe Bilberry reservoir is situated. The Kinderscout conglomerate 

 : occupies the tract of Good Bent, and is seen in Marsden Glough, &c. 

 'At Harden Moss the rough rock is well developed, and near the Ford 



■ inn a bed of coal is seen. From Holmbridge to the left in Ramsden 

 Clough the third grits may be examined, the escarpment round the 

 iipper part of the Clough being composed of a massive, well-jointQd, 

 thick sandstone, in many places of a red colour but turning to white 



J on exposure., • , ; .- 



Botany. 



.' - Mr. -T. W. Woodhead furnishes the following notes :— The 



• districts of Bilberry and Holme have not been much visited, but 

 .though rather early in the season, many good finds may be expected. 



Viola hitea and Menyanthes trifoliatcf \\2tN(t been found near the 

 reservoir and search should be made for them. Among others may 

 be mentioned Poly gala vulgaris (with blue, pink and white flowers), 



■ Droser'a fotuhdifolia, Ornithopus ' perptisillus, Arctostaphylos uva-i(rsi, 

 (Holme) Empetrum nigrum^ Scolopendrium vulgare, Cystopteris 

 fragilis (recorded for Ramsden Rocks),-and Lycopodium selago. At 



Harden Moss the following occur: — Vaccifiium oxycoccus, V. vitis- 

 idcea, V. uliginosa (Harden Clough), Andromeda polifolia, Rubus 

 chamcemortis, Agrostis canina, Milium effiisum, Feshtca sciutoides^ 

 Lomaria spicant, Nephrodium . oreopteris, . Polypodium vulgare^ P. 



