CiRC. No 81 



Wood, a relic of the old Teesdale forest ; visit Fairy Dell, examine 

 Holwick Scars, pass Winch Bridge, said to be the oldest suspension 

 bridge in Europe, cross Holwick Head Bridge, and proceed to the 

 High Force, or if the river is very low continue on the Yorkshire bank 

 and cross by the river-bed above High Force. 



Members who can spare another day and are good pedestrians are 

 strongly recommended to visit High Cup Nick, in Westmorland, and 

 to return by way of Appleby. 



As grouse shooting commences soon after the excursion, members 

 are particularly requested to confine their observations to the valley. 



Messrs. Wearmouth and Raine will accompany the parties as guides. 

 Physical Geography and Geology. 



jMajor Bainbridge writes that Teesdale is traversed by a powerful 

 fault (E. and W.) having an upthrow to the South of about 80 fathoms 

 opposite to Middleton-in-Teesdale, which throws up the Whin Sill 

 (Basalt) on the Yorkshire side of the Tees, forming the chief geological 

 feature in Upper Teesdale, and contributing largely to its characteristic 

 scenery, most prominently seen at Holwick Scars, Winch Bridge, 

 High Force and Cauldron Snout, and at Falcon Clints and Cronkley 

 Scars, where vast masses of Whin form a bold frontispiece at the base 

 of Mickle Fell. Near Cronkley Scar is the site of an old Pencil Mill. 

 Here Mr. W. Gunn and Mr. C. T. Clough, both of H.M. Geological 

 Survey, a few years ago reported having discovered some beds of 

 Upper Silurian Shale, underlying the Carboniferous Rocks of the 

 Mountain Limestone Series, of special geological interest. The main 

 considerations which led them to this conclusion were the character 

 of the beds, the chaiacter of the dykes, the beds not being altered by 

 the dykes, the character of the veins and the apparent unconformity 

 between these beds and the Carboniferous beds above. Burtree- 

 ford Dyke (N. and S ) passes near Langdon Beck, and crosses the 

 'J'eesdale Fault near Cronkley, in its southward course, adding to the 

 distortion of the strata in this locality. 



Botany. 



Mr. Backhouse furnishes the following notes : — A careful exploration 

 of the country immediately adjoining the Tees on the right bank 

 should result in the following species being observed: — Galium boreale, 

 Equisetuin sylvaticiiin and E. dntiniiwiuiii, Orc/iis lalifolia d.nd possibly 

 \'ar. lraunstcincn\ Gymnadenia conopsea and G. alhida, Polygonum 

 Ti'viparum, Barisiaalpiiia, Potentilla alpestris and P.fruticosa, Solidago 

 vitgaurea var. cambrica, Arbutus vva-ursi, Sedum villosiim, Primula 

 farinosa, Gentiana ver/ia, Viola luten, Anemone nemorosa (up to con- 

 siderable elevation here), Pyrola minor and P. secunda^ Trollius 

 europccus, Lisle/a cordata, Saxifraga oizoides, S.slellaris and S.liypnoides, 

 Cystopieris dcntata, Polystichum lobatuni and perhaps its variety lonchi- 

 lidioides, Pycopodium sclago, L. clavatuni and /. sc/aginoides. 



