CiRC. No 87. 

 1800 feet. Below the Yoredale rock comes the mountain Hmestone, 

 which, well seen under Ingleborough, is here only represented at the 

 surface by its uppermost beds. The Yoredale rocks are surmounted 

 by the remnants of the millstone grit, which are left as cappings on 

 the summits of the higher Fells. The Swale and its tributary streams 

 have sunk deep vallies into the old massif — in some ])laces nearly two 

 thousand feet below the general level of the summit-plateau. The 

 varied hardness or durability of the component strata has given rise to 

 a fine series of waterfalls, scars, and picturesque fell -sides, whose beauty 

 is finely set off by the wild nature of the moory uplands adjoining. 



The first day's route will commence upon the upper beds of the 

 Mountain Limestone at Askrigg, will lie thence over the whole thick- 

 ness of the Yoredale rocks, and will traverse the base of the Millstone 

 Grit at the watershed between Wensleydale and Swaledale. From this 

 point the Yoredales will be again traversed in reverse order ; and the 

 route from Gunnerside up the dale will lie chiefly along a narrow strip 

 of Mountain Limestone, corresponding to the beds seen on starting. 



The fine scenery around Keld, Kisdon, Szc, is chiefly formed by 

 the Yoredale rocks ; but the numerous faults and local variations of 

 dip bring in fragments of Millstone Grit at intervals. The watershed 

 at the head of the dale consists chiefly of ^lillstone Grit, which forms 

 fine mural precipices on the Westmorland side. 



Monday's route will lie again across the outcrop of the Yoredale 

 rocks, the highest thick limestone of the series, the main or twelve 

 fathom limestone, forming the bed through which surface waters have 

 eaten out the remarkable swallow-holes known as the Buttertubs. On 

 the Wensleydale side the route will pass near the section taken by 

 Prof John PhilUps as the type-section of the Yoredale rocks. Plardra 

 Fors lies on the way, near Hawes. 



Botany. 



Members ai e recommended to refer to Baker's North Yorkshire for 

 a full and detailed account of the district to be investigated (see Part 

 13 of Y.N. U. Trans., pp. 145 — 148). 



Mr. Richard Barnes, Saltburn, writing from a bryological stand- 

 point, considers that the district extending from the junction of the 

 Whitsundale Beck with the Swale down to Muker and (iunnerside is 

 the richest and most interesting portion of Upper Swaledale. Between 

 these ])oints, and mostly near Keld, are situated some of the finest 

 localities, viz.: — Kisdon Scars, and those opposite the smelting mill 

 above Keld, locally known as Cotterby Scars, and the waterfalls of 

 Cat Rake and Kisdon Force, all of which are well worth exploring, 

 and yield some of the rarest mosses. On and near the scars oi)posite 

 the smelting mill the following rarer si)ecies occur: — Jllindia aaiia, 

 TrichosioiiiHiii crispulum^ Tiicliosiomum nitidinn, Barbula intennedia, 

 Ainplioridium Mougeotii, Bartraviia ithyphylla, Plagiothecium pid- 

 chclluin, Hypmun stramineiim. At Cat Rake, Kisdon Force, Kisdon 

 Scars, East Stonesdale, and Gunnerside may be found Aitdrecea alpina^ 

 Gymiwstomuin comiinitatiim^ Dicranella Schreberi and var. data, 

 Seligeria Donia/ia, S. piisilla, S. acntifolia var. longiseta, S. tristicha, 

 Didymodon cylindricus, Didymodon. si/iuosits, Barbula recufvifolia, 

 Zy;^fldoH Stirtoni, Bryiim a/pi?iu/n var. i/icridionale, Biyum anicinnaintn, 

 Fissidcns decipieiis^ Ncckcra puinila, Anomodoii io/igifolius, Aniblystegiuiii 

 Sprucel. The district will, doubtless, on diligent search yield some of 

 the rarer Hepaticse. Lejcunea Rosictliana Mass. has been met with 

 in the lower portion of the dale at Mudswell and Richmond. 



