Greenwood — On Valley Terraces. 209 



menon is as frequent and destructive as in Switzerland." Again at page 

 76, '' Huge masses were ever and anon precipitated into tlie torrent 

 with a roar that repeatedly spread consternation amongst us. During 

 rains especially, and at night when the chilled atmospheric currents 

 of air descended, and the sound was not dissipated as in the day time, 

 the noise of these falls was sufficiently alarming. My tent was 

 pitched near the base of the cliff and so high above the river that I had 

 thought it beyond the reach of danger. But one morning I found a 

 large fragment of granite had been hurled during the night to ray 

 very door ; my dog having had a most narrow escape. I have seen 

 few finer sights than the fall of these stupendous blocks into the 

 furious torrent along which they were carried amid feathery foam 

 for many yards before settling." Page 78, "The rivers were much 

 swollen, the size and number of the stones they rolled along producing 

 a deafening turmoil." Page 97, " We were suddenly startled from 

 our repast by a noise like loud thunder, crash following crash and 

 echoing through the valley. The Phipun got up and coolly said, ' the 

 rocks are falling, it is time we were off, it will rain soon.' The moist 

 vapours had by this time so accumulated as to be condensed in rain 

 on the cliffs of Chomiomo and Kinchinjhow which loosened and pre- 

 cipitated avalanches of rocks and snow. We proceeded amidst 

 dense fog, soon succeeded by rain, the roar of falling rocks on either 

 hand increasing as these invisible giants spoke to one another in 

 voices of thunder through the clouds. The effect was indescribably 

 grand," Page 112, " Terrific land- slips had taken place along the 

 valley carrying down acres of rock, soil, and pine-forest into the 

 stream, and I saw one which swept over 100 yards in breadth of 

 forest. The bridge at the Tuktoong being carried away, we had to 

 ascend 1000 feet to a place where the river could be crossed. In 

 many places we had great difficulty in proceeding, the track being 

 obliterated by the rains and landslips. Along the flats, now covered 

 with a dense vegetation, we waded often knee deep in mud." Page 

 125, " Broad flats clothed with rhododendron, alternated with others 

 covered with mud, boulders and debris which had flowed down the 

 gorges on the west and which still contained trees inclined in all 

 directions and buried up to their branches. Some of these debacles 

 were 400 yards across and .sloped at an angle of 2° to S'*, bearing on 

 their surfaces blocks fifteen feet in diameter. They seem to subside 

 materially, as I perceived they had left marks many feet higher on 

 the tree trunks. Such debacles must often bury standing forests in 

 a very favourable material, climate, and position for becoming fos- 

 silised." Page 126, "Enormous masses of rocks were continually 

 precipitated from the west side close to the shed in which I had 

 taken up my quarters, keeping my people in constant alarm and 

 causing a great commotion among the yaks, dogs, and ponies." 

 Page 127, " Shoots of stones had descended from the ravines." 

 Page 128, "Beyond this the path crossed the river and ascended 

 rapidly over a mile of steeply sloping landslip, composed of angu- 

 lar fragments of granite, which were constantly falling from above 

 and were extremely dangerous." Page 153, •' The whole valley was 



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