344 Bonney — Kitchen- Middens near Llandudno. 



(4) Thin seam of shells, mostly Patella vulgata, with dark soil, 



(5) Dark soil, about eight inches. 



(6) Greyer soil, with thin seam of Pfl^e^^a near top, and of J[fy<i7MS near bottom, 



about six inches. 



(7) Gravel of angular fragments of limestone, with a few shells of Mytilus in lower 



part, three inches. 



(8) Eeddish clay, with angular fragments of limestone and rolled trap pebbles, 



about two feet. 



Eed sand without pebbles, yellower in upper parts, about three feet. 



(9) Talus of clay, &c., about four feet. 



(10) Shore, sloping some two or three feet to high-water mark. 



In (2) I found Littorina littorea, Patella vulgata, and Mytilus eduUs, 

 with some grains of a friable red earth resembling burnt clay ; and 

 a bed a few feet to the west, — probably the same — yielded not only 

 Patella, but aho a valve of Cardium edule, and some larger fragments 

 of this burnt clay, one of which was about the size of a walnut. 



From 6, besides the shells named, I collected Littorina littorea 

 Cardium edide, a fragment of bone, and the mid-dorsal vertebra of 

 an ox, differing from that of the common ox in having one large 

 perforation for arteries in the neural arch. 



The face of the cliff for about ten yards further shows a some- 

 what similar section, but the different deposits cannot be traced with 

 certainty for more than a few feet. From beds in a position corres- 

 ponding (nearly) with (4) I collected Littorina littorea, Patella vul- 

 gata, Mytilus edulis, and the following bones : — Left tibia of small 

 deer, probably roebuck ; fragment of femur of bird ; fragment like 

 a bird's bone in form and medullary cavity, and as large as the tibia 

 of a swan ; teeth of lamb or young roebuck. 



We then find a very interesting section exposed : — 



(1) Surface soil with angular fragments of limestone, IJ feet. 



(2) Shells, li feet. 



(3) Soil with limestone fragments, one foot. 



(4) Shells, chiefly Patella vulgata. 

 (6) Sandy deposit, about 2| feet. 



(6) Eeddish clay, with many limestone'fragments, some many cubic feet in contents. 



(2) Is simply a mass of shells, almost, if not wholly, Littorina 

 littorea and Patella vidgata ; it extends for some six or seven yards 

 further to the north-west, though it runs rather thinner, and one can 

 trace it for some fifteen yards beyond by a scanty seam of shells 

 which rises with the ground — owing to the thickening of (6) — to a 

 height of from twenty to twenty-five feet above the shore. With 

 the shells I found two pieces of bone, which, according to Mr. 

 H. Seeley, whom I have to thank for determining the bones herein 

 mentioned, are "very young and have the proportion of the maxil- 

 lary and lower jaw in the lamb, but may be the roebuck, with which 

 I have no means of comparing it." 



(4). The shells in this bed shew more marks of age than any of 

 the others. I found also Littorina littorea and " the metacarpal of a 

 small deer, probably the roebuck." 



