350 Hughes — Geology of the Lake District. 



and roughly cleaved sandstone or grit, into the Coniston Flags (A.c. 1). 

 These flags stand out here and there all over the hill, and are well 

 exposed in large quarries at Studfold. 



At the south end of Studfold Low Pasture they pass under more 

 tough grits (A.6. 4), similar in lithological character to those above 

 described (A.c. 2). They are well seen near the guide-post, and 

 elsewhere in Long Lane. The flags turn up again south of the 

 guide-post ; but another patch of the grit is preserved in a second 

 email synclinal, and seen in the next stream. These grits (A.&. 4) 

 are the highest beds to be seen in this district. I think they are the 

 same as the grits at the south end of Casterton Fell, where they 

 also have yielded no fossils, and rest on similar flags with Ortho- 

 ceratites and Graptolites. 



I have already described that section in this Magazine, Vol. III. 

 p. 206 ; (a) of that section will be the equivalent of A.c. 1 of this. 

 and (6) of A.&. 4. 



On the west side of the valley a similar section can be made out, 

 The green slates (B.c.) are seen in the Kibble, between New Inn and 

 Horton ; also near Pettythorn Bam and Beecroft Hall ; and consist 

 lOf the usual alternations of greenish grit, sandstone and slate. The 

 beds are much twisted, and the section obscured by Drift, for the 

 next haK mile to the south, where an anticlinal running east south- 

 east and west north-west, brings up the Coniston Limestone near 

 Crag Hill. At Crag Hill the lowest beds consist of sandy or slaty 

 concretionary limestone, with plenty of fossils. The concretions 

 are generally very tough, but sometimes weather into a dark brown 

 earth, showing remains of corals and other fossils. Occasionally 

 this earthy matrix gets washed away, leaving the fossils beautifully 

 preserved. The beds of limestone are thicker and less earthy as 

 we ascend, and at the top we find a bed of a peculiar grey, 

 tough, crystalline limestone. It is exceedingly difficult to see 

 fossils in this, except on the weathered surface. I found only 

 two or three species of Favosites. The junction of this bed and 

 that immediately above it, is nowhere exposed ; but it is seen to be 

 succeeded by soft slates (A.c. 3), which pass up into a tough, grey, 

 gritty sandstone. This is probably the base of A.c. 2, and, with one 

 roll, continues with a southerly dip as far as Arco Wood. Near 

 Crag Hill Barn there is a subordinate bed of flags, probably on the 

 same horizon as that in Hardland's Plantation. 



A little north of Arco the grits pass under the Coniston Flags 

 proper, A.c. 1. The Arco Wood quarries are in the lower part of 

 the flags ; the Comb's quarry flags are much higher, but they all 

 form one indivisible set. The flags turn up again on the south side 

 of Comb's Quarry, and, with a north north-easterly dip of from 27° to 

 75°, form bare ridges, bursting through the soil here and there. The 

 principal of these may be followed east south-east, by Dry Rigg 

 Quarries, across the Eibble, and west north-west, under Moughton 

 Scar, into the next valley, behind the small village called Wharfe. 

 Section III. is drawn due north up this valley, but further west 

 than the flags (A.c. 1) extend. The grits (A.c. 2) also turn up again 



