352 Hughes — Geology of the Lake District. 



from under the flags. The junction crosses the road about half a 

 mile east south-east of Newfield House, and may be followed in a 

 west north-west direction into the next valley, where tlie boundary 

 line may be traced round to Studrigg Scar ; the grits coming up 

 from below the flags on the south, west, and north. South of Swarth 

 Moor the grits are repeated by a fault parallel to the Craven Faults, 

 but older than the Carboniferous rocks under which it passes. 

 Owing to this fault, which is a broken anticlinal with a downthrow 

 on the north, the base of the grits (A.c, 2) is not seen until we get 

 to the Crummack Valley. They are thrown against a lower part of 

 themselves as far as Lower Bark House Bam, on the west of which 

 they come against (B.a.) the slates, grits, and ash-like beds above 

 the Coniston Limestone ; then against the Coniston Limestone itself. 

 As this fault has a little more west in it than the strike of the beds 

 on the north side, lower beds abut against it as we proceed west- 

 ward ; and so the base of the grits comes against the fault near the 

 road between Austwick "«and "Wharfe, and can be traced from that 

 point, through Wharfe, across Crummack Beck, south of South- 

 thwaite Wood, across Crummack Lane, near the Limekilns, till it 

 disappears under the Scar of Mountain Limestone. As the grits 

 turn up again on the north, the base line may be traced across the 

 Beck, some way south of Crummack, and up to Moughton Scar; 

 but this line is much obscured by Drift. Under Moughton Scar the 

 slates (A.c. 3) are seen here and there, and lower down one small 

 boss of Coniston Limestone, just enough to prove that it comes there. 



Some of the subordinate flags of (A. c. 2) may be seen north of Far 

 End Houses, where we have a bed about 60 feet thick. Some flaggy 

 beds, probably at a lower horizon, occur in the grits north of White 

 Stone Wood, then curving round with the rest of the beds, may be 

 traced to about 100 yards west of Moughton Lane. A still lower 

 set occurs in Souththwaite Wood, and is, probably, about the horizon 

 of the flags of Hardland's Plantation and Crag Hill Bam. Li 

 several places along the east edge of the valley, under the limestone 

 cliff, flags occur, alternating with the grit. 



The slates (A.c. 3) may be seen rolling about at small angles all 

 down the stream, from the base of the grits in Souththwaite Wood 

 to within 100 yards of Wharfe Mill Dam, where they are cut off by 

 the fault above mentioned. 



About fifty yards west of the stream we come to the base of the 

 slates (A.c. 4) which is here a very coarse irregular conglomerate. This 

 may be traced for about a quarter of a mile west-north-west, frag- 

 ments of the broken ridge occurring along the fields south of South- 

 thwaite. A similar conglomerate is seen at Austwick Beck Head, 

 dipping north-north-east under some slates, and these again under 

 the grits and flags of Capple Bank, which I take to be A. c. 2. 



At Austwick Beck Head the conglomerate rests on an irregular 

 cleaved mudstone, of which there is very little seen, and that much 

 weathered. 



Below Souththwaite the conglomerate rests on a series of slates, 

 with subordinate more gritty bands (B, a. 2) which pass into rocks 



