454 Walker — New Brachiopoda from Upivare, ^c. 



for tliey allow that it has been the agent employed in those great 

 planiugs-down of solid rocks of which such good evidence is given 

 by the appearance at the surface of formations that would otherwise 

 be deep down in the earth, and by the great unconformities shown 

 by rocks of one age resting on the upturned truncated edges of 

 others vastly older. In comparison to these huge, and, as they may 

 be called, " continental " denudations and removals of rock, the 

 present irregularities of the earth's surface are mere scratches, 

 though to our eyes grim mountains or sheltered valleys ; and until 

 this is thoroughly understood by geologists there is small hope of 

 their agreeing in the theory of subaerial denudation.^ 



A steam-hammer can crack a nut certainly ; but man does not 

 commonly use so strong an engine for so small a work, it would be 

 a waste of power, nut-crackers do just as well : neither does he use 

 the steam-plough for the tillage of a garden. Is man more careful 

 of his resources than nature ? Should we expect the latter to be 

 wasteful of her strength and to use her steam-plough, the sea, for 

 small work when she has plenty of small tools to do it with? 

 Surely not : nature does not waste power ; and rather does great 

 things with small means, than small things with great means. She 

 uses the sea to carve out continents and islands ; rain and rivers to 

 cut out hills and valleys : just as the former has deposited wide- 

 spread masses of rock miles upon miles in thickness, and the latter 

 here and there some thousand feet of fresh- water beds. 



rV. — .On some new Tbrebratulid^ from Upware. 



By J. F. Walker, B.A., F.G.S., etc. 



(PLATE XIX.) 



IN my paper published in the July Number of this Magazine I 

 gave a list of the Terebratulidce from the Upware deposit ; since 

 then I have further examined them, especially with regard to the 

 shell I named Terehrirostra neocomiensis. There are clearly certain 

 well-marked differences between the Upware species and that fossil. 

 The shell I called T. hippojms also proves to be a new species. 

 Some of the specimens of the small variety of T. ohlonga closely 

 correspond with T. Fittoni of Meyer, which was described in the 

 first volume of this Magazine ; it was found at Godalmtng in 

 Surrey. I have also some specimens of T. Dtdempleana from the 

 Upware bed ; and I have no doubt the affinities of that shell with 

 T. prcelonga (a species not uncommon at Upware) will be able to be 

 determined. (See Cretaceous Brachiopoda, by T. Davidson, page 59). 

 Waldheimia Davidsonii, sp. n., Figs. 4:a.-d. — Shell elongate 

 ovate, surface finely striated, strias dichotomous at various distances 

 from the hinge, and marked by concentric slightly raised lines of 

 growth. Beak rather long, nearly straight, foramen medium-sized, 



1 Professor Eamsay has noticed the great thickness of solid rock that must have 

 been denuded in Wales (Mem. Geol. Surv. vol. i. p. 297, and plates. 4, 5, 1S46 ; and 

 vol. iii. p. 236, and pi. 28, 1866). I helieve that the former of these was the first 

 attempt at showing the vast amount of denudation that has taken place. 



