504 Von Koenen — Belgian Tertiaries. 



some other species, peculiar to the Vienna basin and to the Faluns, 

 such as Murex aqidtanicus, Grat., M. PartscM, Hoernes, etc. About 

 20 German miles to the east from, this place, there are, in numerous 

 places, near Berssenbriick, north of Osnabriick, black sandy and 

 marly clay-deposits of about 160 feet in thickness, with the same 

 fossils repeated. About 30 German miles further to the east -north- 

 east, the black clay once more appears, near Liineburg, with a 

 similar fauna, and again, about 15 miles from this, a yellow marl, 

 with nearly the same fossils, is met with also near Giihlitz, near 

 Terleberg or Wittenberge (on the railway, mid -way between Berlin 

 and Hamburg) . This is the farthest known point of this Miocene basin 

 to the south-east. From thence the Miocene beds spread over the 

 western part of Mecklenburg, where they sometimes occur as hard 

 sandstones, with casts of marine shells (Bokup Eeinbeck).^ In the 

 western part of Holstein, Schleswig, and on the Isle of Sylt, black 

 micaceous clay-deposits appear frequently, with a similar but rather 

 poorer fauna, somewhat more approaching that of the Coralline 

 Crag. In the eastern part of Holstein and Mecklenburg, erratic 

 blocks are frequently met with, containing a richer and older fauna, 

 that is to say of Lower Miocene age. 



There has been apparently no direct communication with the 

 Miocene sea in Bohemia and Galicia, the extension of which into 

 Upper Silesia has been explained and illustrated by Professor 

 Bey rich, in his most important work already referred to. 



So far for the distribution of the Miocene beds in the North 

 of Germany. As to the fauna, there is yet little known ; it is 

 described by Professor Beyrich in his still unfinished work, and in 

 some lists by Mr. Semper. I can only assure English geologists 

 that the fauna much more resembles that of the Vienna basin, and 

 of the Subapennine formation, than that of the English Crag, and of 

 the Systeme Scaldisien, near Antwerp. It seems quite natural that 

 the Miocene of the North of Germany should contain more Sub- 

 apennine forms than the Vienna basin, because there has clearly been 

 a migration of many species from the North to the South, as is now 

 generally accepted by most geologists. 



Another paper, " On the Kainozoic Formations of Belgium," ^ has 

 been published last year by Mr. Godwin-Austen, against which 

 Mr, Lankester, Mr. Searles Wood, and others have more or less 

 energetically remonstrated in different papers, especially with regard 

 to some points advanced as to the formation of the English Crag. 

 Mr. Searles "Wood, with his long years of experience of the Crag- 

 beds, did not think it possible to admit the theories and many of the 

 observations as to the state and condition of the Crag-sea, as ex- 

 plained by Mr. Godwin-Austen. There cannot be any very strong 

 opposition offered to such a high authority ; but as 1 find that Mr. 

 Godwin-Austen has published a number of observations, made at 

 Antwerp, during his short stay, which have not yet been disputed, 



1 See Koch in Zeitschr. d. D. Gaol. Ges. vi. pp 22 and 269 ; viii. p. 249. Meyr in 

 Zeitschr. d. Deutsch. Geol. Ges. iii. p. 411. 



2 Quart. Journ. Geol. See, London, vol. xxii. p. 228. 1866. 



