534 



3Iello — Kitchen Middens in Wales, 



beaches, Mr. DarbisMre believes to be derived from old shell-heaps, 

 the acciimulations of former inhabitants," 



The beds in question appear in the face of the low cliff, which 

 terminates a somewhat steep talus, covering the base of the Carbo- 

 niferous Limestone escarpment of the Great Orme, close to Pen 

 Morfa. Part of the talus has been carried away by the sea, and the 

 present cliff is only a foot or two above high-water-mark. 



Fig, 1, — Cliff at Pen Morfa, Great Oeme's Head, 

 a b 



1. Surface soil with angular blocks of limestone, Helices and other shells, etc, IJ to 2J feet. 



2. Calcareous dust and tufa, about 10 inches, 



3. Sandy soil and limestone fragments, with shells of Mytilus edulis. Patella vulgata, Littorina 



Httorea, etc., bones, teeth, charcoal, etc., 1 foot. 



4. Sand with pebbles and angular limestone fragments, 6 inches. 



5. Keddish clay, 8 or 9 inches. 



6. Sand I 3 to 4 ^et, 



7. ,, darker ) 



8. Talus of all the above, 



9. Pocket of shells of Mytilus edulis. 



a. Line of section, b. At the spots indicated below, in bed No, 3, two jaws of a small sheep 

 were found, c. Wall at Pen Morfa. 



The general appearance of the face of the cliff is given in the accom- 

 panying sketch (Fig, 1), which, though not drawn to scale, represents 

 with sufficient accuracy the different beds as they occur. These are 

 more minutely shown in the section given in Fig. 2 ; it is taken about 

 20 yards from the beginning of the Midden, or from the first rise of 

 the cliff at Pen Morfa. The beds occur as follows : — 



1, Surface soil with angular fragments of limestone, etc,, with some Helices, about 1 ft. 



2, Bed of Patella vulgata, with a few bones, 4 in, 



3, Calcareous dust, like decomposed tufa, about 9 in. 



4, Dark-coloured tufa, | in. to 1 in. 



5, Dark Carbonaceous layer, 1 in, _ 



6, Soil, with Tatella vulgata, Littorina liKorea, Mytilus edulis, etc, and bones, 3 in. 



7, Sooty layer, with fragments of charcoal and burnt bone and shells, 3-4 in, 



8, Bed of burnt clay, with calcined pebbles, 3 in. 



9, Whitish sand, 1 in. 



10. Dark-coloured loam, with fragments of charcoal and burnt shells, 2 in. 



11. Thin layer of Carbonaceous matter, with burnt bone, \ in. 



12. Dark earth, full of fragments of charcoal, Mytilus edulis, Patella vulgata, 



Littorina Httorea, and numerous bones, 8-9 in. 



13. Sandy bed, with limestone fragments and rolled pebbles, 10 in. 



14. Eeddish clay, 2-3 in. 



15. Sand, 6 in. 



16. Sandy argillaceous bed, the base obscured by a talus of fragments, etc. from above. 



