58 H. Woodward — 3£an and the Mammoth. 



torted in places, whicli, if I am not mistaken as to the fact, is 

 conclusive against their being cleavage. 



Note. — I subjoin a third figure to show the lie of the beds along 

 Eel Crags. 



Fig. 3. — Lie of the Beds along Eel Ckags. 

 A 



A. Greenstone, b. Skiddaw Slates. 



In Fig. 3, (a) represents the Greenstone lying on the Skiddaw 

 Slates (b) ; the line a b separating the two sets of beds, makes an 

 angle of 6° with the horizon; the Skiddaw slates are shown dipping 

 at 60°, as their full dip is not seen. 



III. — Man and the Mammoth ; Being an Account of the Animals 

 Found Associated with Eably Man in Pke-histokic Times.'- 



By Heney Woodward, F.G.S., F.Z.S., of tlie British Museum. 



HAYING- a short time since drawn up a brief statement of the 

 evidences upon which the presumed antiquity of the human 

 race in Western Euroj)e is based, and also some account of the 

 animals found associated with early man in this region, I have 

 ventured to think it may be found of sufiicient interest to lay before 

 this Society. 



It is based only in a very small part upon my own observations, 

 being chiefly composed of materials gathered from the published 

 labours of my friends and colleagues, who have specially devoted 

 their time and energies to these researches. 



The question of primeval man and his contemporaries is now, by 

 common consent, admitted to be one of the most important geological 

 topics which has occupied the attention, not only of men of science, 

 but also of the educated classes generally, in the present day, and 

 notwithstanding the works already published, it may be said that 

 the public mind is still craving for fuller information. 



Nor need that craving remain altogether unrelieved, for every 

 month contributes its quota to the general store of published facts 

 and discoveries, and we may ourselves add thereto by careful obser- 

 vations in our own district if we only know how, when, and where 

 to observe for ourselves. 



The class of deposits which have yielded the evidence of which I 

 am about to speak, cannot be said to have been altogether pre- 

 viously unnoticed, but it is only during the past ten years that the 

 painstaking, careful investigations of such men as Prestwich, Fal- 

 coner, Lubbock, Lartet, Christy, Pengelly, Evans, Boyd-Dawkins, 

 Sanford, Dupont, and others of the same high stamp, have resulted in 

 the real discoveries and vast additions to our knowledge of this last 

 chapter of geological history heretofore unwritten, and in which Man 

 and the Mammoth take part. 



1 This paper -was read before the Geologists' AssocLiTiON, on January 1st, 1869, 

 and is printed here hy permission of the Council. 



