62 



H. Woodward — Man and the Mammoth. 



The time forbids me to enter upon an account of the Shell-mounds 

 and Danish Peat Mosses ; nor of the Irish Peat-bogs and Swiss Pile- 

 works, each of which would form a chapter by itself. On the con- 

 trary, I shall, by your permission, occupy your attention with a brief 

 account of the fauna of the Pre-historic period generally, as revealed 

 to us in the various superficial deposits included in w^hat is now 

 generally termed the Quaternary epoch. 



In the accompanying Table I have endeavoured to show the 

 species of animals found in association with early man, as evidenced 

 by his weapons in one set of deposits, and by his osseous remains 

 and handiwork in another. I have also introduced certain other 

 species (those whose names are enclosed in square brackets) whose 

 remains are not found with man, but in a somewhat older set of 

 deposits, containing, however, some of the animals common to the 

 Pre-historic epoch. Those names of species not enclosed in square 

 brackets, are again divisible into — I. Animals known to man, but now 

 extinct. II. Animals whose geographical distribution has been changed. 

 III. Animals which have been exterminated by man ; and, IV. Animals 

 still indigenous to Britain and the neighbouring continent. 



Table of Animals Characteristic of the Pliocene and Quaternary 

 Deposits of Britain, France, and Belgium. 



Castor Europceus, Owen 



„ [ Trogo)iiheriuin,'F\sch.e.T'\ 



Mtcs musculus, Owen 



Arvicola amjiJiibia, Owen 



,, agrestis, Fleming 



,, pratensis, Owen 



Spermophilus citillus, Linn 



,, erythrogeoioides, Falc. 



Lagomys spel<eus, Owen 



Lepus timidus, Linn 



,, cuniculns, Linn 



Lemmius lenimus, Linn 



Elephas primigenius, Blum 



„ «M<25?M<s, Falconer 



„ \meridionalis,^es,ii.'\... 



Rhinoceros tick orhinus, Cuv. . . . 



„ leptorhinus, Owen... 



„ megarhinus, Christol 



„ \_Etruscus, Falconer] 



JEquus caballus, Linn 



Sus scrofa, ferox, Linn 



Hippopotamus major, Nesti 



Bison prisons, Bojanus 



Bos primigenius, Boj 



,, longijrons, Owen 



Ovibos moschatus, Pallas 



Capra hircus, Linn 



,, cegagrus, Gmel 



M 



Ki 



Ovis aries, Linn 



Cervus elaphus, Linn 



,, capreolus, Linn. ... 



,, tarandus, Linn. ... 



,, [Sedgwickii, Gunn] 



„ \_Brotunii, Dawk.] . 



,, dama., Linn 



Alces malchis, Linn 



Megaceros hibernicus, Owen 

 Machairodus latidens,Owen 



Felis spelcea, Goldf. 



,, antiqua f?J 



,, c«<e<s, Owen 



Hycena spelcea, Goldf. 



Canis lupus, Linn 



,, OT</pes, Briss 



Lutra vulgaris, Owen 



Mustela martes. Bay 



„ putorius, Linn. ... 

 ,, erminea, Linn. ... 



Meles taxus, Owen 



Gulo luscus, Linn 



Ursiis spelcBus, Blnmenbach 



,, arctos, Linn 



Talpa europma, Schmerling 

 Sorex vulgaris, Owen ... 



,, moschatuSjlAnn... 

 Saiga tarbarica, Pallas 



K= Killed. L^Livin 



M 



M 



M' 



M 



M 



K* 



X = Extinct. M = Migrated, 



rich collection of Pre-tistoric remains, so admirably arranged and displayed in tlie 

 Ethnological department of the British Museum, and the Christy Collection (exhibited 

 on Fridays, — admission by ticket, obtainable gratis any day at the British Museum), 

 under the able direction of A. W. Franks, Esq., F.R.S., F.S.A., F.G.S., — should take 

 the first occasion to do so, and they will find themselves well repaid by seeing pro- 

 bably the best collection extant ot works of early and savage man from all countries. 



1 The wild boar Sus scrofa ferox has been killed off in England, but is still found 

 in France and elsewhere on the continent. 



2 F, spelcea is extinct, but if considered equivalent to F. leo it has migrated. 



^ Hycena spelcea is extinct, but if considered to be the same as Hycena crocuta, it 

 has migrated. ^ Killed off in Britain. 



