H. Woodivard — Man and the Mammoth. 63 



Of the names in brackets I will not say much, merely observing 

 that the Forest-bed of the Norfolk Coast has yielded a most wonderful 

 series of Pre-glacial forms, associated with many which lived on into 

 the Post-glacial period, and were known to man. 



The most remarkable, perhaps, are (1) the gigantic Beaver, Castor 

 Trogontherium, which occurs in widely-separated localities, viz., the 

 Norfolk Forest Bed, and in a sandy deposit on the borders of the sea 

 of Azof. Dr. Schmerling also found its remains in the Caves of 

 Liege. Another gigantic Beaver has lately been found in America, 

 the Castoroides Ohioensis, Fost. (2.) A remarkable form of deer, Cervus 

 Sedgioickii, which occurs in the Forest-bed, and is nearly allied to 

 Cervus dicranios of the Italian Pliocene. (3.) Another species of 

 deer, closely allied to the Fallow Deer, the Cervus Broionii, lately 

 described by Mr. Boyd-Dawkins, now quite extinct, from the Plio- 

 cene deposit of Clacton, Essex. See Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. 1868. 

 Vol. xxiv., p. 511. PI. xvii. and xviii. (4.) The Elejihas meridionalis, 

 common to the Forest-bed and the Val' d'Arno, in Italy — a form 

 somewhat more like the African than the Indian sjDecies as regards 

 the arrangement of the enamel-layers of its molar teeth. 5. The 

 MMnoceros etruscus, found in the Norfolk Forest-bed, and also in the 

 Val' d'Arno. 



Animals known to man, but now extinct. — I have always felt some 

 hesitation in accepting the statement that the Machairodus existed 

 down to the Pre-historic period ; but its discovery by the late Eev. 

 J. McEnery, in Kent's Hole, in 1825 (published by E. Vivian, Esq., 

 1859), having been confirmed by Mr. Pengelly, F.E.S., in 1867, 

 (see British Association Eeports, Dundee, 1867), there seems reason 

 to believe that it may have lived on till the commencement of 

 this period. Certainly this was the most remarkable of the con- 

 temporaries of early man, and probably his most formidable rival in 

 the hunting-grounds of Western Europe. The sabre-toothed lion 

 has only been met with in this one cave in England, but it also 

 occurs in the district of Auvergne, in France, and in the Val' d' Arno, 

 in Italy. The largest species of this carnivore is found at Buenos 

 Ayres, on the La Plata. 



Of the species of Bear which occur in the fossil state, two at least, 

 the Ursus spelceus of our caves, and the JJrsus priscus of the Gailen- 

 reuth cavern, have been considered as well-marked extinct forms. The 

 Bears are, perhaps, of all the carnivora, the most difficult to determine, 

 on account of their mixed diet and their consequent variable denti- 

 tion : they have been as widely distributed in times past, as in our 

 own.^ 



Of the one extinct species of the Cervine family — the Megaceros 

 Hihernicus, or Gigantic Irish Deer, deserves especial notice. This 

 splendid animal was not by any means confined to Ireland, although it 

 is quite possible that it may have lingered on in that country after it had 

 been exterminated in Britain. There is a fine specimen of the entire 

 skeleton of this animal in the British Museum. The size of this deer 



1 The teeth of pigs, dogs, aud bears, are all subject to considerable variation, csving 

 to their mixed diet. 



