72 



G. Maw — Raised Shell-heds, Lancashire. 



race, whose only relics are their stone -implements, fashioned of 

 the Neolithic and Palaeolithic types, like those of the aborigines of 

 Gaul and Britain, 



How many thousands of years must have been occupied in the 

 gradual distribution of these earliest representatives of our race, 

 whose implements have been found in almost every portion of the 

 globe (formed in the same simple yet persistent types), can only be 

 realized by the geologist who has learnt that many prior races of 

 beings lived and spread out over the whole globe, and have been as 

 gradually exterminated and re-placed with other races, who have 

 followed in successive eons, differing in form, yet modelled on types 

 analogous to those now existing. 



IV. — On some Eaised Shell-beds on the Coast of Lancashire. 

 By George Maw, F.G.S., etc. 



SOME portions of the Lancashire coast in the Furness district give 

 evidence of considerable changes of level since the first elevation 

 of the Glacial deposits. The Boulder-clay formation of Cumberland 

 and Lancashire exhibits a well-marked subdivision into a lower 

 tough blue Boulder-clay, overlain, apparently on its eroded surface, 

 by a redder silty clay of more variable composition. The same 

 subdivision holds good along the coast of N. Wales ; but I cannot 

 satisfy myself that it can be definitely correlated with the succes- 

 sion of the Glacial series of the Norfolk and Suffolk coasts, or that 

 the lower tough blue Clay can be traced inland much above high- 

 water level. 



The superposition of these two clays is well exhibited on the 

 coast, a little to the south of Workington, where (Fig. 1), the blue 

 Clay {h h) from 25 to 30 feet thick, containing many transported 

 boulders of considerable size is overlain by the reddish clay (a a), 

 containing fewer blocks. 



Fig. 1. — BoTJLDEE-CLAT Cliff south of Woekinqton, Cumberland. 



e c. Sea-Beach high- water mark. 



At Eampside, near Peel Harbour, Lancashire, isolated portions (a) 

 of a reddish Boulder-clay, apparently identical with the Upper 



Fig. 2.— Boulder-clay overlying Shell-beds, Bampside, Peel Harbour, Cumberland. 



fi&feffigiSi^aaS^Sigii^iiiijigg^S^w'ai^^ 





c c Sea-Beach high- water mark. 



Boulder-clay of the Workington section, rise up as low cliffs along 



