74 James Geikie — The Boulder-clay near Glasgow, 



and the annexed sketcli of a portion of the crumpled clays was 

 made. 



[Stratified Beds in the Lower Boulder-clay, from which were obtained the remains of 



Bos primigeniusi\ 

 L L 



Crumpled Clays in Railway Cutting near Crofthead, Renfrewshire, as seen on 22d Oct., 1868. 

 L. Level of Railway Cutting — the overlying Boulder-clay removed. 

 W. Level of course cut for water. 



The drawing represents a thickness of about seven feet, 

 but as the cutting did not go down to the underlying Till, the 

 depth to which the crumpling extends could not be ascertained. 

 These crumplings have not been confined to one portion of the 

 section, for during the progress of the cutting they were exposed 

 in several places, and were noted at the time by one of my colleagues 

 and myself ; but when I saw the cutting in October it was quite 

 evident that since my last visit in July the navvies had not been idle. 

 A large part of the stratified beds had been removed, and the twisted 

 and confused areas first observed had disappeared. In one part, 

 since demolished, we could distinctly see that the crumpling had 

 been caused by pressure from above, for underneath the crumpled 

 beds (which were confined to the top of the section), the clay and 

 sand were quite undisturbed. 



I have nothing material to add to the description of the stratified 

 beds given in my former communication. The plant-remains, to 

 which I referred, were only obtained after a careful search, and they 

 were much too decayed for me to recognise them ; but when I saw 

 the section at a subsequent time there was a better exposure, the 

 vegetable matter forming in places a dark peaty layer. I did not 

 put this peaty matter under the microscope, but it appeared to be 

 made up chiefly of grasses, and was just such a deposit as was likely 

 to have accumulated in a lake.^ 



A further examination of the glacial stri^ of the Cowdon Valley 

 has convinced me that instead of one there are three sets. The 

 common direction of the ice scratches in that neighbourhood is from 

 about north to south ; and the Lower Boulder-clay contains fragments 

 of gneiss, mica schist, granite and other north country rocks. Even as 

 far south as the valley of the Irvine, such wanderers from the 

 Highlands may be detected. The prevailing movement of the ice, 



^ I understand that these plant-remains will shortly be described before the Natural 

 History Society of Glasgow, by Mr. Mahony. 



