140 Reports and Proceedings. 



2. "Notice of Certain Concretions found in the Upper Silurian 

 Eocks of Denbighshire, North Wales." By David W. Eoberts. 

 Mr. Eoberts found, on examining several hundred specimens of 

 these concretions, that they contained the remains of Graptolites, 

 Enerinites, Orthoceras, and some bivalves, among which may be 

 noted Pentamerus, etc. In most cases the remains had been con- 

 verted into a metallic oxide. These concretions are often heart- 

 shaped, frequently oval or oblong, and rarely globular. Their long 

 axis, as a rule, is found on the same plane as the line of deposition 

 of the strata. The walls of the cavity are composed of a hard but 

 friable slate. Some of them are soft internally and hard externally ; 

 others soft externally, but having a nucleus of flinty hardness. 



3. " On some Beds of Eecent Fossiliferous Sandstone and Clay at 

 Granton, with illustrative specimens." By John Henderson. Mr. 

 Henderson discovered this recent fossiliferous clay and sandstone for- 

 mation some years ago at Granton. The locality where this deposit is 

 found lies to the west of Granton Quarry. He described it as a series 

 of thin bedded clays, extending along the whole length of the bay 

 in front of Granton House. These clays, he believed, had evidently 

 been deposited at a comparatively recent period, in a hollow scooped 

 out of the Carboniferous shales overlying the Granton sandstones, 

 and yielding numerous shells common in the Firth of Forth at the 

 present day. These were in a completely fossilised state, imbedded 

 in a hard and compact sandstone. The clays, so far as had already 

 been examined, contained seven species of recent entomostraca, as 

 well as several species of foraminifera. 



4. "Notice of Sandstone now in Course of Formation at Elie, 

 Fifeshire." By James HasweU, M.A. The sandstone in question 

 occurred at a point in the section of the Carboniferous strata between 

 Elie and St. Monance, near the railway bridge at Ardross. Eesting 

 upon the Carboniferous strata, was a bed of tenacious clay containing 

 recent shells, above which was blown sand, which was washed 

 down by the rain over the clay, and deposited in ledges formed by 

 the projecting beds of shale, while the siliceous particles of which 

 the sand was composed were cemented together, partly by carbonate 

 of lime held in solution by the rain water, and derived from the 

 shells occurring in the sand and in the clay, and partly from a 

 ferruginous cementing material contained in the latter. A hard 

 sandstone was being formed, not unlike one of much older date, in 

 some places enclosing one or two recent shells, thus making the 

 resemblance more complete. 



MAliTOHESTER LiTEKAET ANB PHILOSOPHICAL SoCIETY. Ordinary 



Meeting, December 1st, 1868. E. Angus Smith, Ph. D., F.E.S., 

 Vice-President, in the chair. 



" Note on Professor Williamson's paper ' On an Undescribed 

 Type of Calamodendron from the Upper Coal-measures of Lan- 

 cashire,' " by E. W. Binney, F.E.S., F.G.S. 



Mr. Binney considers the plant described by Prof. Williamson as 

 very different from the Calamodendron commune described by him in 



