286 Correspondence — Miss E. Hodgson. 



exhibited, he was able to show their exact relation ; and the evidence 

 thus gained beyond what was formerly known goes to prove that the 

 Carmel was a valley in Pre-glacial times, in which roamed herds of 

 Eeindeer and the hairy Mammoth, and that some of these have left 

 their remains in certain estuarine deposits formed over the lower levels 

 of the valley. The next evidence is the depression of the valley, with 

 its estuarine beds, under sea level, as clearly indicated by the bed 

 of sand with marine shells of Arctic types, marking as it were, by their 

 presence, the dawn of the Glacial period. Mr. Craig had also obtained 

 evidence, from other pits and bores sunk in the valley, that the marine 

 sand and estuarine beds had suffered denudation at several points before 

 the Boulder-clay and upper drifts (.'iO feet in thickness) were deposited 

 above them, the Boulder-clay at these points resting upon the Carboni- 

 ferous sandstone of the district. Mr. Young concluded his remarks by 

 stating that he could not give a decided opinion at present as to the 

 exact age of the "Mammoth" bed at Kilmaurs, but the evidence 

 seemed to point it out as a Pre-glacial remnant of the oldest Post-tertiary 

 strata yet discovered in the West of Scotland. J. A. 



coiaaaESiPon^iDiEn^OE!, 



THE SOUTH COAST OF FURNESS.i 

 Sir, — In Mr. Maw's article in the February number of the Geo- 

 logical Magazine, he does not mention a whitish-grey sandy clay 

 which emerges through the beach gravels about high-water-mark 

 between his two cliffs. The same clay (four years ago) could be 

 seen at intervals for two miles along the east shore ; and about that 

 distance from Eampside, I found it, in cutting down to the shell- 

 beds, 200 yards inland, six feet below the surface. On the west 

 shore, near the next cliff, a little over a mile from Eampside, it is 

 bluer, and of a rather more soapy nature, containing smoothed 

 pebbles, a little striated. 



I fail to see anything new in Mr. Maw's notice of the shell -beds, 

 except it be in his having carried them to the top of the cliff, a 

 height of more than forty feet (see his Fig. 2, a). This is interesting, 

 if intended to signify the fact, as I had not ascertained that they any- 

 where rose above the 25 feet contour. I had certainly observed that 

 grass-sods falling from above, were charged with minute shells, but 

 I judged they might have been carried over the head in storm-spray. 

 With respect to the age of our Furness shell-beds, I had hoped 

 that the very carefully drawn up list of species given by me on page 

 216 of the last Number of the Geologist, 1864, and reprinted in the 

 North Lonsdale Magazine, 1866, would have suf6.ciently indicated 

 their Post-glacial character : not one arctic shell being there re- 

 corded. That list is not a long one, and perhaps it might be 

 augmented : still, owing to their comminuted state in many places, 

 it was a work of time and trouble ; and if it be, as I have believed 

 it to be, the only one published, it is not without a certain value. I 



1 Owing to want of space last month this and the following letter were unavoidably 

 postponed. — ^Edit. 



