H. H. Howorth—Traces of a Great Post-Glacial Flood. 1 
of shells were all of species still existing in the neighbouring seas of 
the present day ; and he did not think that at the time of its deposit 
the climate was of necessity intensely cold.” While Prof. Hughes 
was so much struck with this that he submitted that the shells 
belonged to an age succeeding the true Glacial period (id. p. 41). 
Mr. Darbishire says of the drift shells from Leyland, with the 
exception of the Fusus (Trophon) craticulatus, Fabr., ‘‘ The series from 
Leyland must be described as very similar to that of the fauna of 
the present seas along the western shores of Britain” (Journ. Geol. 
Soc. vol. xxx. p. 39). In a paper on the drift deposits found near 
Blackpool, by the late Mr. Binney, published in the 10th volume of 
the Memoirs of the Mane. Lit. and Phil. Soc. p. 127, etc., he has 
described the shells found in the Till there, to the number of 19, all 
of them being shells still found on the Lancashire coast. A similar 
assortment of shells were found by Mr. Harkness in the Till near 
Ormskirk (id. p. 130). These shells assuredly witness no glacial 
climate. A more remarkable find, because of its locality, 50 miles 
from the sea, 568 feet above the sea-level, and right up in the gorges 
of the English Appenines, which, in the Glacial period, must have 
been choked with permanent ice, were found by Mr. Bateman, the 
engineer, in making the reservoir at Hollingworth, in Mottram in 
Longdendale. These included the Turritella terebra, Fusus Bam/fius, 
Purpura lapillus, two species of Zellina and Cardium edule (Proceed- 
ings Lit. and Phil. Soc. of Manchester, vol. ill. pp. 15 and 16). 
Let us now turn to the famous beds found near Macclesfield, and 
which occur there as much as 1200 feet above the sea-level. On 
these shells Mr. Darbishire wrote a valuable paper in the 3rd volume 
of the 38rd series of the Memoirs of the Lit. and Phil. Soc. of 
Manchester. See also Grou. Maa. 1865, Vol. II. p. 298. 
Mr. Darbishire describes 49 shells from this locality, all except 7 
occurring in Jforbes’s list already quoted. _ 
Of the 42 named by Forbes, 4 reach their limit within the British 
seas, 6 entered southwards as far as the British Channel, while ‘of 
the remaining 32 species, the whole now range considerably south- 
ward of the British Isles, but, as a set, present a characteristically 
British aspect.” The 7 shells not named by Forbes are Pholas 
candida, Cytherea Chione, Cardium rusticum, Cardium aculeatum (?), 
Arca lactea, Littorina littoralis, and Dentalium abyssorum. None of 
these appear, says Mr. Darbishire, “in McAndrew’s list of Mollusca, 
observed between Drontheim and the North Cape, and only one, 
Litiorina littoralis, in Danielsen’s Zoological Notes of the Scandinavian 
coast. The remaining 6 are all shells of species which at present 
reach their northern limit within the British seas, extending on our 
western shores from the Spanish province. Cytherea Chione, Cardium 
rusticum, Cardiwm aculeatum, and Arca lactea are characteristic shells 
of a Spanish or southern type. The Cytherea is not found north of 
Carnarvon Bay nor in the German Ocean, it is essentially a southern 
species. The Cardia rarely frequent the coasts of Devonshire and 
Cornwall. Cardium aculeatum is said to have been dredged off 
Bergen; but Cardium rusticum is not known east of the Channel ” 
