Dr. A. Nehring—Fauna of the Loess in Central Europe. 55 
Supported by these extensive researches, I am able to maintain 
that real Steppe-animals can be investigated from many points of 
the Pleistocene deposits, and especially in the Loess of Central 
Europe, and that these Steppe-animals have inhabited this region in 
the greatest number and extent during the first epoch of the Post- 
Glacial period. A Steppe-fauna therefore has been in a great part 
of Central Europe interposed between the Arctic fauna of the Glacial 
period, and the forest-fauna of the Neolithic epoch.’ 
In the following passage I have enumerated the most important 
species of Steppe-animals or forest-shunning animals, and the places 
where their remains have been found in Central or even Western 
Kurope :— 
1. Alactaga jaculus at Westeregeln, Thiede near Wolfenbiittel, 
Quedlinburg near the Hercynian mountain, at Gera, Poesneck and 
Saalfeld in Thuringia, at Wurzburgh in Franconia. 
2. Remains of Spermophili, most of which belong to Sp. rufescens, 
others to Sp. fulvus and Sp. guttatus, were found at Westeregeln, 
Thiede, Quedlinburg, Gera, Poesneck, Jena, in some caves of the 
Franconian Jura, at Wurzburgh, Tubingen (Wurtemberg), Ep- 
pelsheim (Rhine-Hessia), Steeten-on-the-Lahn, in some Belgian 
caves, at Montmorency near Paris and in other places of France, in 
the Mendip Hills and other localities of Southern England, in one 
place in Denmark, in Bohemia, in Moravia, at Nussdorf near Vienna, 
etc. 
3. Arctomys bobac and other Marmots at Westeregeln, Gera, Oels- 
nitz (Saxony), Saalfeld, in a cave of the Franconian Jura, at Wurz- 
burgh, Langenbrunn-on-the-Danube, Biberach (South Wurtemberg), 
Thayingen near Schaffhausen, Eppelsheim, Mayen in the Eifel 
Mountain, Aachen, Remagen on the Rhine, in Belgium and France, 
at Prague (Bohemia), etc., etc. 
4, Lagomys pusillus at Westeregeln, Thiede, Goslar, Poesneck, in 
the Franconian Jura, at Biberach (Wurtemberg), at Steeten, Balve 
(Westphalia), in some Belgian, French and English caves, at 
Nussdorf near Vienna, in Bohemia, Moravia and Upper Hungary. 
d. Species of Arvicola at Westeregeln, Thiede, Goslar, Gera, 
Poesneck, Saalfeld, Wurzburgh, Steeten, and in most of the above- 
mentioned places. 
6. Cricetus frumentarius, very numerous specimens at Saalfeld, in 
the Franconian Jura, at Wurzburgh, at Montmorency, at Dinant-sur- 
Meuse, in Bohemia, Moravia, Upper Hungary, ete. 
7. Cricetus pheus at Saalfeld, at O-Ruzsin meee Kaschau Ups 
Hungary), and at Beremend in South Hungary.” 
8. Hystria hirsutirostris (the porcupine of the Eastern Steppes) at 
Saalfeld, and in two caves of the Franconian Jura. 
1 Other naturalists, as Prof. Liebe at Gera, Prof. Woldrich at Vienna, Prof. 
Laube at Prague, who examined my hypothesis by their own researches, have come 
to the same result. Cf. Liebe, Arch. f. Anthrop. 1x. p. 162. Zoolog. Garten, 1878, 
No. 2. Woldrich, Sitzgsber. d. Acad. d. Wiss. in Wien, 1880 u. 1881. 
* See my essay in, the Jahrbuch of the K. K. Geol. Reichsanst. in Wien, 1879, 
p. 491, and Zeitschr. f. Ethnologie, 1881, p. 107. 
