H. H. Howorth—Traces of a Great Post-Glacial Flood. 117 
Scandinavia evidence of submergence to the extent of 600 or 700 
feet, but in the same latitude along the eastern side of the Baltic and 
in Finland no evidence of a like submergence has been found. In 
the neighbourhood of Dublin, Lancashire and North Wales, sea shells 
are found in the superficial beds of sand and gravel to heights of 
1200 and 1550 feet, but no evidence of submergence to anything 
like this extent has been detected on the eastern side of England or 
the neighbouring parts of Europe. In Canada the marine shell- 
beds reach up to 470 feet at Montreal, but, says Mr. Thomas Belt, 
‘going eastward from Montreal the elevation of the marine beds, 
marking the former submergence of the land, gradually decreases 
until in Nova Scotia it reaches zero.’ Dana, in the 2nd edition of 
his ‘Manual of Geology,’ tells us that the altitude of the marine 
deposits on the southern shores of New England is 40 or 50 feet, at 
Lake Champlain (which is in the same lat. as Nova Scotia) they 
occur up to 393 feet. .... In Scandinavia the highest lying shell- 
beds are in the southern half of the peninsula, where they attain an 
altitude of 500 or 600 feet, but on going northward from Trondh- 
jeim they seem to decrease in elevation, and in Finmark none have 
been discovered at nearly so great a height. At Hammerfest, accord- 
ing to M. Bravais, the highest of the old sea-beaches is only 92 feet. 
. . . Moreover, Bravais found that the old sea-beaches in Finmark 
are not horizontal,... his uppermost beach-line declines in level 
from 221 feet at its southern extremity in Altenfiord to 92 feet at 
its northern end at Hammerfest, thus lowering in level from south 
to north.’—Geron. Mae. Sept. 1882, pp. 401, 402. 
All this seems to me to be overwhelming evidence that none of 
the current theories either of ice-transport or prolonged submergence 
will support the facts. If not, where are we toturn? The sands 
with marine shells were undoubtedly left where they are by water. 
If we cannot bring the highlands of Western Europe below the sea- 
level without an injustice to our evidence, we must bring the water to 
the high ground in some other way. If the mountain did not go to 
Muhammed, Muhammed could, and in our view did, go to the moun- 
tain. We have accumulated a very great mass of evidence to show that 
further south the angular gravels, the loams and loess were distributed 
as we find them by a vast wave of waters which swept over the land 
and closed the Mammoth Period. Will not this explain our difficulty ? 
There is no more interesting and romantic place in the world for 
the student of recent geology than the famous inlet at Uddevalla in 
South Sweden, whose shell-beds have been so much used in their 
works by Lyell and others. I have visited these beds twice, and 
examined them with considerable care, on the last occasion with my 
friends Mr. Robert Darbishire, ¥.G.S., and Professor Marshall, and 
in the company of Mr. Dickson, who has done so much to work out 
their contents. It seems to me that the story furnished by these 
beds has hardly been sufficiently realized. I will just quote a de- 
scription of them in the admirably graphic words of Linnzus, who 
first called attention to them, which have been translated into equally 
graphic English by Dr. Latham :— 
“The shell hills (Skalbargen) are rightly reckoned amongst the 
