. Reviews—Newton’s Forest Bed Vertebrata. (175 
to the group of animals and plants which inhabited this country in 
times immediately antecedent to the long period of cold known as 
the Glacial Epoch or Great Ice Age—a period separating the Recent 
from the Pliocene fauna and flora. The early labours of R. C. 
Taylor, followed closely by those of 8. Woodward, and carried on 
with the utmost vigour and enthusiasm by John Gunn, and for 
a short time by the late Rev. 8. W. King, have made us acquainted 
with the prominent characters of the “Forest Bed,” and the larger 
mammalia entombed in it. But it has been left to the Geological 
Survey to collect the smaller fossil forms, and to work out the 
detailed structure of the beds, far more completely than has hitherto 
been done, notwithstanding the labours of Messrs. Wood and Harmer, 
Prof. Prestwich, the Rev. O. Fisher, and others. As our readers are 
already aware, a number of new forms have thus been added to the 
list of the Vertebrata from the Forest Bed, while the list of those 
forms previously recorded, has been revised and corrected in many 
important particulars by Mr. E. T. Newton, the author of the 
present elaborate work. 
As a summary of Mr. Newton’s work has so recently appeared 
in the pages of the GuotocicaL MaGazrne (Decade II. Vol. VIL. 
pp. 152-155, 424-427, 447-452; Vol. VIII. pp. 256-259, 315-317; 
Vol. IX. pp. 7-9, 51-54, 112-114), it will be unnecessary here to go 
over the same ground: and we need simply call attention to the 
publication, and to the way in which the subject is illustrated. An 
introduction is devoted to the history of the subject: and therein 
the labours of Falconer and Boyd Dawkins are duly mentioned, 
while on the part of the Geological Survey the labours of Mr. J. H. 
Blake, on the district near Yarmouth and Lowestoft, and of Mr. 
Clement Reid on that of Cromer, have furnished many of the smaller | 
fossils now made known. Nor should mention be omitted of a very 
zealous worker resident at Cromer, Mr. Alfred C. Savin, who has 
contributed many new and interesting forms, particularly the Caprovis 
Savini, the same genus as the Sardinian Sheep. The recent works 
of Dr. Leith Adams on the Fossil Elephants have rendered it un- 
necessary to figure this genus; nor have any of the Cervide received 
illustration, for, as Mr. Newton remarks, to do this satisfactorily 
much space would have been required, and Mr. Gunn has already 
had many of them drawn for the new edition of his ‘‘ Geology of 
Norfolk.” 
It is interesting to note that the Mammoth is now recorded by Mr. 
Newton from the “ Forest Bed,” from specimens obtained in sita& by 
Mr. Savin. Although they differ from the typical Elephas primi- 
genius, and are almost deserving of specific distinction, yet the 
author finds it satisfactory to regard them, as does Mr. Leith Adams, 
as a ‘Forest Bed” representative of the Mammoth, especially as 
this accords with the opinion long held by Prof. Boyd Dawkins. 
At the end of Mr. Newton’s work is a table showing the Distribu- 
tion in Time of the Vertebrata of the ‘“‘ Forest Bed Series,” and he 
remarks that about 79 different forms have been shown to occur in 
the beds, exclusive of the unnamed Cervide, and of these 38 are new 
