216 W. Keeping and C. 8. Middlemiss— 
with a lichen-like growth of oxide of manganese. The gravels are 
almost free from sandy admixture, and only here and there occur 
foreign (non-local) pebbles and blocks, viz. grits and sandstones, 
together with Oolitic limestone. 
The heart of the cutting showed when fresh (it is now covered 
with soil and overgrown) the following rocks in ascending order. 
Middle Lias Clay.—Of this 10 or 15 ft. are visible at this particular 
place. It is a dark slaty-blue clay of the ordinary type, and from 
the fossil remains (Ammonites (Aigoceras) capricornus and a Pecten) 
may belong to the Capricornus zone. 
This is quickly succeeded by 3 ft. of soft, rubbly, red sandstone, 
and then by a strong zone of dark brown, flagey, micaceous sand- 
stone about 5 ft. thick. This last has a good deal of earthy admix- 
ture, and here and there a calcareous development along the bedding 
and joint planes, which appears to have been segregated out and 
re-deposited. It probably represents the Spinatus zone of the Middle 
Lias, and stands out as a prominent ridge on each side of the cutting. 
Fossils are very scarce, but Waldheimia resupinata and a number 
of ERhynchonella tetrahedra were obtained. 
Dip about 5° due E. 
The Lower Lias was found in a bridge foundation 45 chains west 
of the cutting. It was a stiff blue clay with beds of limestone, con- 
taining Gryphea incurva. 
The Upper Lias we did not actually see in the cutting, but a blue 
clay has been proved in digging in the low ground to the east, which 
probably represents it. 
The rail now runs for 2508 ft. on an embankment, and then comes 
the next cutting in the Lower Oolites. The lowermost beds, how- 
ever, are not seen here, but can be examined in one or two small 
exposures further south in this district. Hence, it is probable that 
they are also hidden along with the uppermost Lias beds in the 
depression just alluded to. 
The cutting now entered is 12 ft. in the highest part and 792 ft. 
long. The rock is uniform in character, being a characteristic well- 
bedded Oolite quite like the Millepore Oolite of the Howardian Hills. 
Oolitic grains form the mass of the rock. Fossils are not abundant, 
but the following species have been found: Trigonia conjungens, 
Lyc., Lima pectiniformis, Schl., Hyboclypus and Cricopora straminea, 
Phill. Some of the beds are blue-hearted, others have a pale purple 
tinge, and near Brough the rock is so compact that it was formerly 
worked for ornamental purposes and was called Brough marble. 
The dip of the beds is almost uniformly about 38° E., though there 
are indications of a slight roll near the middle of the cutting. 
The “ Millepore” (Cricopora straminea) can be found with readi- 
ness on slightly weathered surfaces. 
Between this and the next cutting ashort distance of level ground 
(990 ft.) intervenes, but short as it is it has been sufficient to deny a 
view of the upper beds of the Lower Oolites. 
We now reach a magnificent section in the Kelloway Rock 36 ft. 
high and 1584 ft. in length. The slopes have now been covered 
