326 Reports and Proceedings— 
Industries, we have a capital though brief Introductory Chapter on 
the mineralogical characters of the principal iron ores, by Mr. Frank 
Rutley, Lecturer on Mineralogy at the Normal School of Science. 
Mr. Meade then proceeds to give an account of the Durham and 
Northumberland iron industries, noticing first the ironstone of the 
Coal-measures and giving analyses. He observes that the Coal- 
measures yield two kinds of ironstone, known as ‘“‘ Clay Band” and 
“Black Band,” the former is an argillaceous carbonate of iron gene- 
rally occurring in nodular masses ; the latter term is applied to bands 
of carbonaceous matter, largely mixed with carbonate of iron. The 
iron ores of the Carboniferous Limestone are next described. ‘Then 
there are notices of the persons employed in iron-mining, accounts 
of pig iron manufacture, malleable iron works, ete. Other districts 
are similarly treated. We may mention that the Cleveland, 
Northampton, and Lincolnshire iron industries are fully described, 
as well as those of Wiltshire, Dorsetshire, and other southern 
counties; but we miss any account of the early workings in the 
Wealden district. Probably the author disdained to notice these 
extinct iron-works, and full details may be found in Mr. Topley’s 
Geological Survey Memoir on the district. 
The iron industries of Scotland and Ireland are duly described, 
there is also a Chapter on the foreign iron ore imported, and two 
Chapters are devoted to fluxes (limestones) and to coal used in pig 
iron manufacture. There is also a table showing the geological dis- 
tribution of British Iron Ores, by Mr. H. Bauerman, in which, by 
the way, the Wealden iron ore is just mentioned. Some statistical 
appendices, and a good index conclude the volume, which cannot fail 
to prove a most valuable work of reference to all interested in its 
subjects. We may add that a notice of this book would no doubt 
have appeared sooner had the publishers been generous enough to 
send us a copy: as it is, we have had to wait for an opportunity of 
seeing it. 
REPORTS AID PROC Bln D aia. 
——__—<>—__—<_ 
GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF Lonpon. 
I.—May 9, 1883.—J. W. Hulke, Esq., F.R.S., President, in the 
Chair.—The following communications were read :— 
1. ‘‘The Age of the newer Gneissic Rocks of the Northern High- 
lands.” By C. Callaway, Esq., D.Sc., F.G.S. With Notes on the 
Lithology of the Specimens collected. By Prof. T. G. Bonney, M.A., 
F.R.S., Sec. G.S. 
The object of the author was to prove that the eastern Gneiss of the 
Northern Highlands, usually regarded as of ‘‘ Lower Silurian”’ age, 
‘was to be placed in the Archean. While admitting that this gneiss 
frequently overlies the quartzo-dolomitic group of Erriboll and Assynt, 
he held that this relation was due to dislocation accompanied by 
powerful thrust from the east, which had squeezed both formations into 
a series of folds, thrown over towards the west, so as to cause a general 
easterly dip. Asa preliminary to his demonstration, the author gave 
