Geological Society of London. OV 
The oldest is a granite which intrudes through and alters the oldest 
(? Archean) crystalline rocks. This is invaded by dykes of Quaris- 
porphyry. 
Quartz-diorite invades and alters the group of partially crystalline rocks. 
The oldest rocks in the newer series are the Andesites and Liparites. 
These, in part, are older than the Sarmatian stage, as the conglomerate 
at its base contains fragments of these rocks. But they are also in 
part of later date. Where they can be studied together, the Liparite 
is the later of the two, as it flows through and carries up fragments 
of the Andesite. ‘The Andesite (unlike the Liparite) seems to have 
reached the surface, in some cases, through volcanic vents. 
 Basalts and Nepheline-basalts are of late Tertiary date; possibly they 
are the latest voleanic rocks of the district, but their relation to the 
other eruptive rocks of the Troad cannot be definitely determined. 
The volcanic rocks in the isolated area between Alimadja and Lyalar 
are interesting because their relative ages are here well seen. The 
earliest was melaphyre, this was followed by mica-andesite, hornblende- 
andesite, augite-andesite, basalt, and late (if not last) by liparite. 
Mr. Topley, who, in the absence of the author, read the paper, 
-explained the objects of the Assos. Expedition and the geological results 
obtained by Mr. Diller. He gave a short account of previous litera- 
ture, and mentioned some of the main points in which our knowledge 
of the Troad is now advanced. Mr. Topley briefly described the 
physical geography and general structure of the country, illustrating 
this by means of a section which he had prepared from Mr. Diller’s 
map and paper. 
IJ.—June 20, 1883.—J. W. Hulke, Hsq., F.R.S., President, in the 
Chair.—The following communications were read :— 
1. “On the Discovery of Ovibos moschatus in the Forest-bed, and 
its Range in Space and Time.” By Prof. W. Boyd Dawkins, M.A. 
The specimen described by the author formed part of the collection 
of the late Rev. F. Buxton, and was obtained by a fisherman from 
the forest-bed of Trimingham, four miles from Cromer. The edges 
are sharp, and the red matrix adhered in places, so that the author 
regards its geological position as satisfactorily established. It is the 
posterior half of the upper surface of the skull of an adult female 
Ovibos moschatus. ‘The author describes the range in space and time 
of this animal, mentioning the different instances in which its 
remains have been found in Britain. These are, in some cases, un- 
doubtedly Post-Glacial; but he inclines to consider the lower brick- 
earth of the Thames Valley, where the musk-sheep has been found 
at Crayford, as anterior to the Boulder-clay, which occupies the dis- 
trict to the north. This deposit at Trimingham, however, is certainly 
pre-Glacial, and so Ovibos moschatus belongs to a fauna which arrived 
in our country prior to the extreme refrigeration of climate which 
characterized the Glacial epoch, and afterwards retreated northwards 
to its present haunts, showing, with other evidence, that this epoch 
did not form a hard and fast barrier between two faunas. 
2. “Qn the Relative Age of some Valleys in Lincolnshire.” By 
A. J. Jukes-Browne, HEsq., B.A., F.G.S. 
