Prof. Hughes—Fauna of the Gravels of Barnwell. 458 
offered with a view to proving that sources of error still remain, 
which must be investigated before the unexpected association of 
remains can be accepted as a fact. Such difficulties frequently meet 
us in investigating the contents of caves, beds of gravel and sand, 
etc., more frequently in connexion with the history of the newer 
formations, and especially in criticizing the evidence for the associa- 
tion of human relics with the remains of extinct forms of life. 
It becomes of importance therefore to place on record any well- 
authenticated case in which objects in the same deposit and in the 
same state of preservation can be shown to belong to totally different 
times. 
The well-known deposit of Pleistocene gravels at Barnwell, near 
Cambridge, has long been worked, and its fossils are therefore pretty 
well known. The following is a list of the species preserved in the 
Woodwardian Museum.! 
Elephas primigenius, Blum. Planorbis marginatus, Drap. 
antiquus, Fale. spirorbis, Mull. 
Hippopotamus major, Nesti. vortex, Mull. 
Rhinoceros tichorhinus, Cuv. Limnea auricularia, Drap. 
Equus caballus, Linn. palustris, Drap. 
Bos primigenius, Bo}. Bulimus montanus, Drap. (=Lack- 
Cervus tarandus, Linn. hamensis, Mont.). 
elaphus, Linn. Clausilia biplicata, Mont. sp. 
Megaceros Hibernicus, Owen. Zua lubrica, Mull. 
Ursus speleus, Blum. Pupa muscorum, Linn. sp. 
Helix nemoralis, Mull. Ancylus fluviatilis, Mull. 
var. hortensis, List. oblongus. 
— cantiana ? sp. 
—_ arbustorum, Linn. Unio littoralis, Lam. 
— ericetorum, Mull. limesus, Nilss. 
— hispida, Mill. Pisidium amnicum, Mull. 
— rufescens, Penn. fontinale, Drap. 
2 or 3 other species. Cyclas cornea, Linn. sp. 
Helicella, sp. - sp. 
Valvata piscinalis, Mull. Corbicula fluminalis. 
Bithynia tentaculata, Linn. sp. Chara (seeds of). 
Succinea putris, Linn. Leavesand stems of plants (undetermined). 
-——— elongata? 
Here, as elsewhere, we notice the curious association of northern 
and southern forms of life, the hairy Elephant and woolly Rhinoceros 
which seem to belong to the borders of the Arctic regions, and the 
Hippopotamus, which has travelled to the tropics, while the two 
common shells, Unio littoralis and Corbicula fluminalis, which lived 
in the same river with the Hippopotamus at Cambridge, are also 
now limited to more southern climes—the one shell not being found 
nearer than the Nile—the other having got as far as the rivers of 
France. 
The interesting problems connected with the geographical dis- 
1 See also 1838, Brodie, Rev. P. B. Notice of the Occurrence of Land and Fresh- 
water Shells with Bones of some Extinct Animals in the Gravel near Cambridge, with 
Notes by the Rev. Prof. Sedgwick. Trans. Camb. Phil. Soc. vol. viii. 1844, p. 138. 
—Seeley, H. G. A Sketch of the Gravels and Drift of the Fenland. Quart. Journ. 
Geol. Soc. vol. xxii. p. 470.—Dewick, Ed. S. ‘The Land and Freshwater Shells of 
Barnwell, from a list prepared by Mr. Dewick from the specimens in his own collec- 
tion. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxi. p. 477. 
