Kugh Miller — Escarpments and Terraces. S3 



able that the sandstone here underlies the Cyathophyllum Limestone, 

 etc., upon the shore right opposite Axel's Islands, and the locality of 

 the discovery deserves a closer examination. The profile of the strata 

 at this place will be given further on. 





FiG. 3. — Section of Strata on the North-east side of Klaas Billen Bay, close to the 

 great glacier (according to Dr. Nathorst). 



1. Crystalline Slates. 2. Sandstone and Calcareous Clay- slate, with vegetahle 

 impressions. 3. Eed and White Gypsum. 



In Ice Sound, strata with vegetable impressions belonging to 

 this division were found by Nathorst and Wilander iu the summer 

 of 1870 : — a. right opposite Skansberg, on the east side of Klaas Billen 

 Bay, where occur : 1. (lowermost) Sandstone and conglomerate of 

 sharp-cornered pieces of quartz ; 2. A sandstone-like clay-slate 

 with thin coal-band, and impressions of Lepidodendron, JStigmaria, 

 and Calamites ; 3. Red Sandstone and a variable red, yellow, or 

 green conglomerate of Liefde Bay, red and green slates, and 4. 

 Russian Island dolomite with fliat; 5. Strata containing beds of 

 gjqosum, flint, and a great number of marine fossils. Strata 1-3 dip 

 steepl}'- towards the Sound under the Mountain Limestone strata (4 

 and 5), which lie horizontally ; — h. in the inner part of the Sound, in 

 the neighbourhood of the Crystalline rocks, which here are directly 

 overlain unconformahly by red sandstone and clay-slate containing 

 lime. The sandstone contained a large Stigmaria, and a portion of 

 a Calamites. 



{To he continued in our next Number.) 



lY. NOKTHUMBERLAND ESCARPMENTS AND YORKSHIRE TeRRAOES.^ 



By Hugh Miller, F.G.S., Assoc. Eoyal School of Mines ; 

 Of H.M. Geological Survey of England and Wales. 



IN framing a theory attributing the terraced form of limestone out- 

 crops in the Yorkshire Dales to glacial erosion, Mr. Goodchild 

 was doubtless prepared to encounter much adverse criticism. If in 

 this communication I venture to differ from his views, he will believe 

 that it is in no captious spirit. The district in Northumberland from 

 which I write supplies materials for criticism of the most relevant 

 kind, presenting as it does the same series of Carboniferous rocks 

 cropping out in surface features closely allied, and subjected in the 

 Glacial Period to the pressure of the same ice-sheet. The terraces 

 of Wensleydale, too, are not wholly unfamiliar to me. 



The elevated plateau occupying the angle between the two main 

 divisions of the River Tyne, and traversed in a 12-mile walk between 

 Haltwhistle on the south and Wark on the north, exhibits a series of 



1 See Mr. Goodchild's Article, Geol. Mag. July and August, 1875, pp. 323, 356. 



