Geological Society of London. 45 



trace of the primitive " chorda dorsalis " ; and he calls attention to 

 the resemblance thus set up between these probably Triassic Dino- 

 saurs and the lower Ganocephalous reptiles of the Carboniferous 

 series, in which, however, the vertebral centra are more widely 

 perforated. 



2. " On the Presence of the Forest-bed Series at Kessingland and 

 Pakefield, in Suffolk, and its position beneath the Chillesford Clay." 

 By John Gunn, Esq., M.A., F.G.S. 



In this paper the author described a section from the cliff at 

 Kessingland and Pakefield, from the exainination of which he 

 arrived at the conclusion that the Forest-bed series underlies the 

 Chillesford Clay and Sands. At the foot of the cliff there is an 

 estuarine deposit forming the soil of the Forest-bed, consisting of 

 blue clay and gravel, the " Elephant-bed " of the author's former 

 paper. Above this is the Forest-bed, containing large stools and 

 stems of trees, but no fossil bones. This is followed by a freshwater 

 deposit, consisting of black soil with freshwater shells, corresponding 

 to a similar bed at Mundesley and Kunton, known as the " JJnio- 

 bed," and including the '' Eootlet-bed " of oozy clay, regarded by 

 Mr. Prestwdch as an indication of the forest. The author considers 

 the supposed rootlets to represent brushwood which succeeded the 

 true forest. Above this come Fhivio-marine deposits, in which Crag- 

 shells occur although but rarely. To this division the author was 

 inclined to refer the Norwich Crag, which at Bramerton underlies 

 the next division, regarded by the author as the Chillesford Clays 

 and Sands. Of the overlying deposits the first is supposed to be the 

 "^ Pebbly-bed " by the author ; it has been regarded as Middle Drift, 

 and the uppermost is Upper Boulder-clay. The paper was illustrated 

 by the exhibition of a fine series of bones, chiefly Cervine, from the 

 lowest deposit noticed by the author. 



II. — December 1st, 1875. — John Evans, Esq., V.P.E.S., President, 

 in the Chair. The following communication was read : — 



" On the Granitic, Granitoid, and associated Metamorphic Eocks 

 of the Lake-district." Parts III., IV., and Y. By J. CHfton 

 Ward, Esq., F.G.S., of the Geological Survey of England and 

 Wales. 



Part III. — On the SMddaw Granite and its associated Metamorphic 

 BocJcs. 



The subject was treated under the three heads of (1) Examination 

 in the Field, (2) Microscopical Examination, (3) Chemical Examination, 

 and the following were the general results arrived at. The meta- 

 morphism of the Skiddaw Slate extends for many miles around the 

 several granitic masses, and commences by the formation of small 

 spots Mdiich become developed into chiastolite crystals. The chias- 

 tolite slate passes into spotted schist, by the great increase of the 

 small oblong spots arranged along planes of foliation, and mica ap- 

 pears. The spotted schist graduates into mica schist, whicli, however, 

 often retains to the last faint spots, and occasionally chiastolite 



