172 Revieius — The Aixtic Manual. 



turned up ; and the accumulation of Num-mulites, each of the size of 

 a penny or a sous, to the vast thicknesses and extent reached by the 

 Nummulitic limestones of Southern Europe, Egypt, and Asia, is 

 quite as astonishing as the persistent growth of large individuals, 

 whether of Loftusia, Parheria, or Eozoon. Many a good suggestion 

 is offered to the geologist and palaeontologist in Dr. Dawson's 

 chapter on •' The Dawn-animal as a Teacher in Science," to which 

 we must refer the reader ; even with " Bathybius " withdrawn,^ as 

 is now necessary, his lessons will not be the less clear and earnest, 

 pointing to a cautious and yet comprehensive study of organic nature 

 in our search after the primaeval, and, if may be, the original types 

 of life. T. E. J. 



VI. — Manual and Instructions for the Argtig Expedition-, 1875. 



Second Notice.'^ 



THE previous notice dealt only with the first great division of the 

 "Arctic Manual," namely, the s^ciudllnstruGtions issued for the 

 guidance of the Officers engaged in the Expedition. It remains, 

 therefore, to examine the second and by far larger portion of the 

 work, that of the Natural History,. Geology, and Physics of Green- 

 land and the neighbouring countries, as far as our present informa- 

 tion goes. Briefly, the first section pointed out to the observers what 

 they ought to look for, and how to find it ; the second section, what 

 has been seen, and how it was found. This portion of the Manual is 

 again divided into two parts, the first devoted to Geology and 

 Biology, considered in three sections, dealing with West Greenland 

 and its neighbourhood, the Parry Islands and East Arctic America, 

 and East Greenland, Spitzbergen, Franz-Joseph-Land^ etc. ; the 

 second to Physics, in which there are eight sections, treating of 

 Meteorology, Temperature of the Sea, Physical Properties of Ice, 

 Tides and Currents, Geodesy and Pendulum Experiments, Observa- 

 tions on Refraction and on Air, Terrestrial Magnetism, and, lastly, 

 Aurora Borealis. 



As may naturally be imagined, the West Greenland section is the 

 most exhaustively treated ; and, commencing with a long memoir on the 

 Mammals generally of the country, by Dr. E. Brown, others follow, 

 by the same author, on Seals and Cetacea, and papers on the Birds, 

 Molluscs, Insects, Crustaceans, Echinodermata, etc., for which such 

 names as Newton, Morch, Schiodte, and Liitken are sufficient 

 guarantees of their scientific value. Arctic plants, phsenogams and 

 cryptogams, with copious lists of those already known, are dealt 

 with by Hooker, Taylor, Brown, Oliver, and Lindsay ; and valuable 



^ The removal of " Bathybius " from the ranks of a living organism does not 

 affect the stability of Eozoon as a recognizable creature, for even if the said pro- 

 toplasm pervaded the sea-bed, yet Eozoon -svould be remote from so low and simple 

 an organism, being a Nummuline or highly differentiated Foraminifer. See I)r. 

 Wallich's remarks on Bathybius, "Monthly Microscop. Journ.," January, 1868, 

 p. 39. 



2 For the first Notice of the Arctic Manual, see the Geol. Mag. for December, 

 1875, p. 614. 



