290 G. A. Leboiir — The Carrara Marbles. 



issued in full,^ and in which he regarded the marbles as metamorphic 

 Lower Lias, and the " Calcare rosso " as the representative of the 

 diplnja'kalh of the Venetian Alps (Upper Oolitic). 



In 1846 M. Coquand, using the Ammonite red bed as a datum- 

 line, was the first to recognize rocks of Triassic age in Tuscany, in 

 the Grossetano district.^ This drew a reply from Pilla, who main- 

 tained his views as to the equivalence of the Calcare rosso, although he 

 admitted that the palseontological evidence was entirely against them, 

 and now referred the Carrara marbles to the "Infra-Lias" and Ehsetic, 

 which he considered as the equivalents of the GrypJima arcuata beds.^ 



In the meanwhile Prof. Savi enunciated very similar views, recog- 

 nizing nothing below the Lias in the district. For him the Calcare 

 rosso was Upper Jurassic, the Carrara marbles were metamorphosed 

 Infra-Lias and Ehsetic, and the Yerrucano was placed below them, 

 but as also belonging to the Liassic series.* 



Again, in 1851, as an Appendix to their translation of Murchison's 

 memoir '•' On the Geological Structure of the Alps, Apennines, and 

 Carpathians," Savi and Meneghini adopted the same classification, 

 with slight variations, however, such as making the upper part only 

 of the Calcare rosso belong to the Upper Oolite, the lower being 

 relegated to the Upper Lias, the statuary marbles of the Apuan Alps, 

 Carrara, Campiglia, etc., being still looked upon as Lower Lias. 



Cocchi followed in the same line, but placed the whole of the red 

 Ammonite bed in the Lias.^ 



It should be mentioned that from 1850, when rocks of undoubted 

 Coal-Measure age were accidentally discovered in the province of 

 Florence, the existence of Carboniferous rocks in Tuscany had no 

 longer been denied by any of the above-mentioned authors. 



In Prof. Savi's geological map of the province of Pisa a further 

 advance was made, for the Calcare rosso is there coloured as forming 

 the upper part of the " Infra- Lias.^ In this map the Trias is sup- 

 pressed altogether. 



In the same year, 1862, Capellini was able to prove the presence 

 of indisputable -''Infra-Lias" and Ehaetic beds below the Calcare rosso 

 in the Gulf of Spezia."^ He therefore referred the Ammonite bed to 

 the top of the Lower Lias, and placed the saccharoidal marbles of 

 Carrara at the base of the Verrucano. 



Soon after, the true order of things was made clearer still by 

 Cocchi, who placed the statuary marbles as Lower Carboniferous.^ 



' " Saggio comparativo dei terreni die compouzono il suolo d'ltalia," Ann. Univ. 

 Tosc. Sci. Cosm. Pisa, t. i. p. 205 (1846). 



2 " Sur un gisement de gypse au promontoire Argentaire," Bull. Soc. Geol. 

 France, 2e ser. t. iii. p. 302 (1845-46). 



3 " Sur le calcaire rouge ammonitifere de I'ltalie," Bull. Soc. Geol. France, 

 2e ser. t. iv. p. 1062 (1846-47). 



^ " Sulla costituzione geologica dei Monti Pisani," 1846. 



^ " Description des roches ignees et sedimentaires de la Toscane," Bull. Soc. 

 Geol. France, 2^ ser. t. xiii. p. 226 (1855-1856). 



6 " Sopra i depositi di sal gemma e sulle acque salifere del Volterrano," Ann. 

 Univ. Tosc. Sci. Cosm. Pisa, t. vii. p. 27 (1862). 



'' " Studi stratigrafici e paleontologici sull' Infralias nelle montagne del Golfo 



della Spezia," Mem. Accad. Bologna, t. i. p. 247. 

 8 " Sulla Geologia dell' Itaha centrale," 1864. 



