332 Reports and Proceedings — 



further, for distances of 50 or 100 kilometres they nearly ap- 

 proached horizontality. Hence they resembled the glaciers of the 

 interior of Greenland and Spitzbergen, so far as can be judged from 

 the descriptions. 



2. ''Evidences of Theriodonts in Permian Deposits elsewhere than 

 in South Africa." By Prof. E. Owen, O.B., F.E.S., F.G.S. 



In this paper the author noticed some described Eeptilia which he 

 believes to belong to his order Theriodontia. In 1838 Kutorga 

 described as probably mammalian the distal end of a humerus 

 showing a perforation or canal above the inner condyle. The spe- 

 cimen was from the Permian of the western Oural, and Kutorga gave 

 it the name of Brithopus prismis. Under the name of Orthopus 

 primcBvus he described the proximal part of the humerus of the same 

 species, perhaps of the same bone. There is thus evidence of an 

 extinct reptile in the Permian deposits of the Oural, with a humerus 

 showing the characters of the Theriodont Eeptiles of the Karoo 

 series of South Africa. The British Museum possesses a cast of the 

 first-mentioned fragment, labelled by Krantz " Em^osaurus uralensis, 

 H. von Meyer, Britliopus priscus, Kutorga." The genus Eurosaurus 

 was founded in 1842 by Fischer von Waldheim upon some fragments 

 of bone, including a humerus with a broad proximal end, as in 

 Kutorga's Orthopus ; and Fischer also noticed a humerus showing 

 characters like those of Kutorga's Britliopus, from the same locality 

 as the portion of a jaw described under the name of Bhopalodon 

 Wangeiiheimii, Fischer, which contained nine molar teeth, with thick, 

 pointed, subcompressed crowns, with trenchant and serrate borders. 

 In 1858 H. von Meyer described a skull from the Permian of the 

 Oural, under the name of Mecosaurus uraliensis, as a Labyrinthodont ; 

 and Eichwald referred this genus, with Kutorga's Brithopus and 

 Ortliopus, to P'ischer's Eurosaurus. The author regarded Mecosaurus 

 as truly Labyrinthodont ; whilst the Permian forms constituting 

 Kutorga's genus were referred to the Theriodont order. From the 

 same locality as the above Kutorga describes Syodon hiarmicum as 

 probably a Pachyderm. Its teeth resemble those of CynodraTcon. 

 Eichwald's Deuterosaurus hiarmicus is founded upon the fore part of 

 both upper and lower jaws of a Eeptile, containing teeth with denti- 

 culate or crenulate trenchant borders, the canines being large, especi- 

 ally in the upper jaw. Deuterosaurus closely resembles Cynodralcon, 

 and still more the Zycosaurus of the Karoo beds of the Sneewberg 

 range. All the above are from the Permian beds of the Oural, and 

 the author regards them as furnishing important evidence of the 

 Palgeozoic age of the Karoo series, in which the Theriodont Eeptiles 

 are best represented. 



The author further noticed a Theriodont allied to Lycosaurus from 

 a red sandstone, probably of Permian age, in Prince Edward Island. 

 The remains include the left maxillary, premaxillary, and nasal 

 bones ; the teeth, implanted in distinct sockets, have sub-compressed, 

 recurved, conical, pointed crowns, with minutely crenulated borders. 

 The foremost tooth in the maxillary is a canine, and in other points 

 the dentition shows Theriodont characters. This fossil has been 

 described by Dr. Leidy under the name of Bathygnathus horealis. 



